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1、Appl.Phys.A76,681687(2003)AppliedPhysicsADOI:10.1007/s00339-002-2004-5MaterialsScience&Processingu.dieboldStructureandpropertiesofTiO2surfaces:abriefreviewDepartmentofPhysics,TulaneUniversity,NewOrleans,LA70118,USAReceived:4March2002/Accepted:20October2002usei
2、nawiderangeofimportanttechnologicalapplicationsPublishedonline:5February2003©Springer-Verlag2003whereamoredetailedunderstandingofthefundamentalas-pectsofTiO2surfacesorinterfaceswouldpotentiallyhaveABSTRACTTitaniumoxidesareusedinawidevarietyoftech-apositiveimpa
3、ct.Titaniumdioxideisusedinheterogeneousnologicalapplicationswheresurfacepropertiesplayarole.catalysis;asaphotocatalyst;insolarcellsfortheproduc-TiO2surfaces,especiallythe(110)faceofrutile,havebe-tionofhydrogenandelectricenergy;asagassensor;ascomeprototypicalmo
4、delsystemsinthesurfacescienceofmetalawhitepigment(e.g.inpaintsandcosmeticproducts);asoxides.ReducedTiO2singlecrystalsareeasytoworkwithex-perimentally,andtheirsurfaceshavebeencharacterizedwithacorrosion-protectivecoating,asanopticalcoating;ince-virtuallyallsurf
5、ace-sciencetechniques.Recently,TiO2hasalsoramics;inelectricdevicessuchasvaristors;isimportantinbeenusedtorefinecomputationalabinitioapproachesandtoearthsciences;playsaroleinthebiocompatibilityofbonecalculatepropertiesofadsorptionsystems.Scanningtunnelingimplant
6、s;isbeingdiscussedasagateinsulatorforthenewmicroscopy(STM)studieshaveshownthatthesurfacestruc-generationofMOSFETsandasaspacermaterialinmag-tureofTiO2(110)ismorecomplexthanoriginallyanticipated.neticspin-valvesystems;andfindsapplicationsinnanos-Thereductionstate
7、ofthesample,i.e.thenumberandtypetructuredforminLi-basedbatteriesandelectrochromicde-ofbulkdefects,aswellasthesurfacetreatment(annealingvices.Itisthehopethatinsightintosurfacepropertiesoninvacuumvs.annealinginoxygen),cangiverisetodiffer-thefundamentallevelwillh
8、elptoimprovematerialsandde-entstructures,suchastwodifferent(1×2)reconstructions,viceperformanceinmanyofthesefields.Second,TiO2isarosetteoverlayer,andcrystallographicshearplanes.Sing
