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1、eliteinlate-tangchinanicolastackettGreatClansmen,Bureaucrats,andLocalMagnates:TheStructureandCirculationoftheEliteinLate-TangChinaThepredominantparadigmdescribingChineseelitesocietyofthefirstmillenniumadwasdefinedthirtyyearsagoincarefullyre-searchedstudiesbyPatriciaEbreyandDavidJohnson,b
2、othofwhompartlybuiltuponthefoundationofearlierscholarshipbyTakedaRyˆji竹田龍兒,MoriyaMitsuo守屋美都雄,NiidaNoboru仁井田陞,SunGuodong孫國棟,MaoHanguang毛漢光,andothers.1Accordingtothismodel,acircumscribednumberofaristocratic“greatclans”wereabletomaintaintheirsocialeminencefornearlyathousandyearswhilesimulta
3、neouslycomingtodominatetheupperechelonsofthegovernmentbureaucracy.Theastonishinglongevityofthesefamilieswasmatchedinremarkabilityonlybytheirsuddenandcompletedisap-pearanceafterthefalloftheTangattheturnofthetenthcentury.Intheirplace,anewcivil-bureaucraticscholar-elitecametothefore,anelite
4、describedinenormousdetailfirstbyRobertHartwellandRobertIwouldliketothanktheanonymousreviewersfortheirveryhelpfulcomments,aswellasalloftheparticipantsinthe2007AASpanelwhereIfirstpresentedthispaper,notablythediscussantsRobertHymesandBeverlyBossler.Tominimizethenumberoffootnotes,referencesf
5、orepitaphsofindividualsarenotincludedinthemaintextandnotes,butin-steadcanbefoundintheappendix.Alltablesarelocatedattheendofthearticle,aftertheappendix.1DavidJohnson,“TheLastYearsofaGreatClan:TheLiFamilyofChaochüninLateT’angandEarlySung,”HJAS37.1(1977),pp.5–102;DavidG.Johnson,TheMedievalC
6、hineseOligarchy(Boulder:WestviewPress,1977);PatriciaBuckleyEbrey,TheAristocraticFamiliesofEarlyImperialChina:ACaseStudyofthePo-lingTs’uiFamily(NewYork:CambridgeU.P.,1978);TakedaRyˆji竹田龍兒,“T±daishijinnogunb±nitsuite”唐代士人の郡望について,Shi-gaku史學24.4(1951),pp.26–53;TakedaRyˆji,“J±ganshizokushinoh
7、ensannikansuruichik±satsu”貞觀氏族志の編纂に関する一考察,Shigaku25.4(1952),pp.23–41;NiidaNoboru仁井田陞,Chˆgokuh±seishikenkyˆ中国法制史研究,vol.3:D±rein±doh±,kazokusonrakuh±奴隸農奴法,家族村落法(Tokyo:T±ky±daigakushuppankai,1962);SunGuodong孫國棟,“TangSongzhijishehuimendizhixiaorong”唐宋之際社會門第之消融,XinYaxuebao新亞學報
