Naughton chapter

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1、P1:KNP0521885577c04CUNY1247/Brandt&Rawski9780521885577January6,20082:7FOURAPoliticalEconomyofChina’sEconomicTransitionBarryNaughtonChinabeganitstransitiontoamarketeconomynearlythirtyyearsagounderanauthoritarianandhierarchicalpoliticalsystem.Today,aftermarkettransitionhaswroughtfundamental

2、changesinChina’seconomyandtransformedeveryaspectofChina’ssociety,thatpoliticalsystemsurvives,withitsbasicfeaturesintact.Indeed,thetwomostsurprisingaspectsofChina’srecentpastarethethoroughnessofeconomicchangeandthedurabilityoftheCommunistParty(CP)-runpoliticalsystem.Duringtheeconomictransf

3、ormation,theCPhierarchydidnotsitofftooneside,frozenintimewhileeverythingelseinChinachanged.Rather,thehierarchicalpoliticalsystemshapedtheprocessofmarkettransition,andthepoliticalhierarchyitselfhasbeenreshapedinresponsetotheforcesunleashedbyeconomictransition.Thecriticaleconomictransitionp

4、oliciesweremadebynationalleadersactinginthecontextoftheirpositionsintheauthoritarianpoliticalsystemandasaresult,manyofthebasicfeaturesofthereformprocesscanbeexplainedbythestructureofthepoliticalsystemandthechangingneedsofpoliticianswithinthatsystem.China’senduring“gradualist”approachtotra

5、nsitionobviouslysuitstheneedsofitsauthoritarianleaders.MoreinterestingisthattheconcretepolicycontentofChina’stransition–whichdiffereddramaticallyindifferentperiods–canalsobetracedtothechangingstructureofpowerandstrategiccalculationsofleaderswithintheauthoritariansystem.Thischapterexplains

6、whyreformpoliciesweresodifferentindifferentperiods,focusingonthedramaticchangeintransitionstrategythatoccurredintheearly1990s.Thiscrucial“transitionwithinthetransition”givesinsightintotheachievements,limitations,andfutureprospectsofreformunderauthoritarianauspices.Thebasicargumentislaidou

7、tinthefirstsection:fortheCPtoretainpowerandsurvivetheeconomictransitionprocess,itneededtoprotectandrecreateasystemofpoliticalpatronage.Thisrequiredtheregimetomeetthreechallenges:creat-ingnewpatronageopportunities,tyingnewlyautonomousgroupstotheexistingregime,andincre