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1、DilemmasofDevelopmentDiscourse:TheCrisisofDevelopmentalismandtheComparativeMethodJanNederveenPieterseABSTRACTDevelopmentalism,orthetheoryoflinearprogress,hastakenseveralforms-evolutionism,modernizationtheory,developmentthinking-whichcor-relatewithdifferentepochsofwesternhegemony.Thecompar
2、ativemethodservesasitsunderpinningsintheoreticallyincorporatingnon-westernsocietiesintothedevelopmentalparadigm.Developmentalismisuniversalistandahistorical,teleologicalandethnocentric.Adiscourseofpower,itispresentedandtakenasarecipeforsocialchange.Thepresentcrisisofdevelopmentalismisboth
3、acrisisofdevelopmentinthesouthandacrisisofmodernisminthewest.Inthewest,developmentalismisbeingchallengedbynewsocialmovementsand,intheoreticalterms,bypostmodernism;inthesouth,alter-nativedevelopmentstrategiestestthelimitsofthedevelopmentalparadigm.Non-westernconceptsofmodernizationhavealso
4、beendeveloped.Thisdiscussionconcludeswithtwoqueries,oneconcerningthepassagefromthebi-polarworldoftheColdWartopolycentrism,andonewithrespecttothedeconstructionofthewestasaprerequisitetothedeconstructionot’development.Inthehologramsofhegemonypanoramasofpowersubtlyfadeintotheoriesofhistory.E
5、volutionismwasanimperialvision,modernizationtheorybearswitnesstotheAmericanCentury,anddevelopmentthinkingtranslatesintocontemporarydevelopmentpolicies.Inthediscoursesofhistoryproducedbywesternhegemonyknowledgeandpowerareintricatelyinterwoven.Inhisanalysisofwhathecallsthepost-totalitarians
6、ystemVaclavHavelobserves,‘Theprincipleinvolvedhereisthatthecentreofpowerisidenticalwiththecentreoftruth’(Havel,1985:25).ThisDevelopmen/andChange(SACE,London,NewburyParkandNewDelhi).Val.22(1991),5-29.6J.NederveenPietersealsoappliestothecentresofpowerandleadingtruthsinthewesternworld.Thecen
7、tralthesisofdevelopmentalismisthatsocialchangeoccursaccordingtoapre-establishedpattern,thelogicanddirectionofwhichareknown.Privilegedknowledgeofthedirectionofchangeisclaimedbythosewhodeclarethemselvesfurthestadvancedalongitscourse.Developmentalismisthetruthfromthepo
