yk10 Endoscopic forehead lift_ review of technique, cases

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1、TechniquesinCosmeticSurgeryEndoscopicForeheadLift:ReviewofTechnique,Cases,andComplicationsBenoitC.DeCordier,M.D.,JorgeI.delaTorre,M.D.,MazinS.Al-Hakeem,M.D.,LaurenceZ.Rosenberg,M.D.,PaulM.Gardner,M.D.,AntonioCosta-Ferreira,M.D.,R.JobeFix,M.D.,andLuisO.Vasconez,M.D.Birmingham,Ala.Endosco

2、pyhasprovidedasignificantimprovementRejuvenationoftheupperthirdofthefaceinthesurgicalrejuvenationoftheupperface.Itoffersbymeansofacoronalforeheadliftfrequentlyaminimallyinvasivealternativethatavoidsmanyoftheresultsinalongscalpscar,scalpdysesthesia,undesirableeffectsassociatedwiththecoro

3、nalap-andalopecia.Thesedrawbacks,inadditiontoproach.Thestandardminimalaccessforeheadendo-scopicprocedureconsistsofasubperiostealundermin-thesurprisedlookthatoccurswithovereleva-ingthroughthreesmalltriangularprehairlineincisions.tionofthemedialeyebrows,determanypa-Tosuccessfullyelevateth

4、eeyebrows,itisessentialtotientsfromforeheadrejuvenation.releasetheperiosteumatthelevelofthesupraorbitalTheintroductionofendoscopyhaspopular-rimsandablatethebrowdepressormusclesofthegla-izedtheforeheadliftbecauseitavoidsthesebella.Untiltheperiosteumreattachesitself,elevationisadverseeffe

5、ctsandallowsfasterrecovery.1Inmaintainedbyatemporarysuspensionsuturebetweenaddition,thissimpleandminimallyinvasivestaplesattheincisionsitesand5cmposteriortothehairline.Thetransverseclosureofthetriangularskintechniquecaneasilybecombinedwithotherincisionsachievessomeadditionalelevation.Th

6、ebi-facialprocedurestocreateamoreharmoniousplanarapproachaddsapartialsubcutaneousunder-restorationoftheappearanceofyouth.How-miningoftheforeheadtotheendoscopictechniqueever,thebenefitsoftheendoscopicforeheadandallowsplicationofthefrontalismuscleandexcisionliftanditsplaceinresidenteducat

7、ionhaveofexcessforeheadskin.Itisofferedtopatientswithverybeenquestionedbysome,promptingustoptoticeyebrows,deeptransversewrinkles,orahighevaluatethecomplicationsandlong-termre-forehead.Theprehairlineincisionisadisadvantagebutsultsofthisprocedure.2istoleratedquitewellinolderpatie