Corrective Feedback in Second Language Acquisition

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1、CorrectivefeedbackinSLACorrectiveFeedbackinSecondLanguageAcquisitionMouniraElTatawyTeachersCollege,ColumbiaUniversityABSTRACTOverthelastfewyears,theroleplayedbycorrectivefeedbackinlanguageacquisitionhasbecomeahighlycontroversialissue.InthefieldofFirstLanguageAcquisition(FLA),research

2、ersexpressstrongreservationsconcerningtheeffectthatnegativeevidencehasonFLA,ifthereisanyatall.InthefieldofSecondLanguageAcquisition(SLA),however,thereappearstobeagrowingconsensusamongthemajorityofresearchersconcerningthesignificanceoftheroleplayedbynegativeevidenceintheprocessofSLA.T

3、hisliteraturereviewwillfocusmainlyontheroleplayedbycorrectivefeedbackinSLA.Whilecorrectivefeedbackclearlyrelatestobothoralandwrittendiscourse,thefocusofthisdiscussionwillcenteronoralproduction,sincethepreponderanceofresearchhaslargelyfocusedonthisaspect.Inthefollowingsectionsofthisre

4、view,themeaningofcorrectivefeedbackwillbediscussed,andthedifferenttheoreticalstancestowardsitsroleinSLAexamined.EmpiricalstudiesthatexploretheimpactcorrectivefeedbackhasonSLAwillbereviewed,followedbyadiscussionofsomeoftheissuesthatloomlargeinresearchintheareaofcorrectivefeedbackandit

5、sroleinSLA.DEFINITIONOFTERMSTherearevarioustermsusedinidentifyingerrorsandprovidingcorrectivefeedbackintheSLAliterature—themostcommonbeingcorrectivefeedback,negativeevidence,andnegativefeedback.Becauseofpossibleconfusionarisingfromtheuseofthisterminology,abriefreviewofthedefinitionso

6、ftermsandofthedifferenttypesoffeedbackispresentedbelow.Chaudron(1988)haspointedoutthefactthatthetermcorrectivefeedbackincorporatesdifferentlayersofmeaning.InChaudron’sview,theterm“treatmentoferror”maysimplyreferto“anyteacherbehaviorfollowinganerrorthatminimallyattemptstoinformthelear

7、nerofthefactoferror”(p.150).Thetreatmentmaynotbeevidenttothestudentintermsoftheresponseitelicits,oritmaymakeasignificanteffort“toelicitarevisedstudentresponse”(p.150).Finally,thereis“thetrue”correctionwhichsucceedsinmodifyingthelearner’sinterlanguagerulesothattheerroriseliminatedfrom

8、furtherprodu