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1、IndividualdifferencesinchildEnglishsecondlanguageacquisitionComparingchild-internalandchild-externalfactorsJohanneParadisUniversityofAlbertaThisstudyinvestigatedhowvariouschild-internalandchild-externalfactorspredictEnglishL2children’sacquisitionoutcomesforvocabul
2、arysizeandaccuracywithverbmorphology.Thechildrenwhoparticipated(N=169)werebetween4;10and7;0yearsold(mean=5;10),hadbetween3to62monthsofexposuretoEnglish(mean=20months),andwerefromnewcomerfamiliestoCanada.Resultsshowedthatfactorssuchaslanguageaptitude(phonologicalsh
3、orttermmemoryandanalyticreasoning),age,L1typology,lengthofexpo-suretoEnglish,andrichnessofthechild’sEnglishenvironmentweresignificantpredictorsofvariationinchildren’sL2outcomes.However,onbalance,child-internalfactorsexplainedmoreofthevarianceinoutcomesthanchild-ex
4、ternalfactors.RelevanceofthesefindingsforUsage-Basedtheoryoflanguageacquisi-tionisdiscussed.Keywords:Englishlanguagelearners,childsecondlanguageacquisition,individualdifferences,languageaptitude,usage-basedtheory,l1transfer1.IntroductionFactorsaccountingforindivid
5、ualdifferencesinacquisitionhavebeenstudiedex-tensivelyformonolingualchildfirstlanguagelearnersandadultsecondlanguagelearners(Dörnyei&Skehan,2003;Hoff,2006),buttheyhavebeenstudiedmuchlessinchildsecondlanguage(L2)learners.Understandinghowchild-internalandchild-exter
6、nalfactorsinfluencetherateofL2acquisitionbychildrenhasbothap-pliedandtheoreticalrelevance.Awarenessofindividualdifferencefactorscouldbeusefulforeducatorsandcliniciansforinterpretingevaluationsofacademicachievementandspeech-languageassessmentsbasedontheL2,orforgivi
7、ngad-vicetoparentsregardinglanguageuseathomeandlanguageofinstructionatLinguisticApproachestoBilingualism1:3(2011),213–237.doi10.1075/lab.1.3.01parissn1879–9264/e-issn1879–9272©JohnBenjaminsPublishingCompany214JohanneParadisschool(Paradis,Genesee&Crago,2010).Inaddi
8、tion,therelativeweightofinter-nalversusexternalfactorsinpredictingacquisitionratesispertinenttoconstruc-tivistoremergentistapproachestolanguageacquisiti
