3.02 Industrial Enzymes

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1、3.02IndustrialEnzymesDZhu,QWu,andNWang,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Tianjin,China©2011ElsevierB.V.Allrightsreserved.3.02.1Introduction33.02.2Protease53.02.3Lipase63.02.4Amylase73.02.5Pullulanases83.02.6Pectinases83.02.7Xylanase103.02.8Laccases103.02.9Transglutami

2、nases113.02.10Phytase113.02.11Perspective12References12GlossaryindustrialenzymeAnenzymethatisusedtofacilitatebioavailabilityAmeasurementoftheextenttowhichaindustrialprocessesortheproductionofindustrialproducts.nutrientcanbeusedbyahumanbeingorananimal.kineticr

3、esolutionTwoenantiomersshowdifferentcarbohydraseAnenzymethatactsonacarbohydrateandreactionratesinachemicalreaction,therebycreatinganpromoteseitherthesynthesisofcarbohydratesortheexcessoftheless-reactiveenantiomer.Thisphenomenonhydrolysisofcarbohydratesintodis

4、accharidemolecules.iscalledkineticresolution.dynamickineticresolutionThespecialcaseofkineticmetagenomicsTheapplicationofmoderngenomicsresolutionwhereboth(reactant)enantiomersengageinatechniquestothestudyofcommunitiesofmicrobialchemicalequilibriumandexchange;t

5、hus,itispossibletoorganismsdirectlyintheirnaturalenvironments,converttheachiralreactantwith100%completion.bypassingtheneedforisolationandlabcultivationofenantiomericexcess(ee)Foramixtureof(R)-and(S)individualspecies.enantiomers,withcompositiongivenasthemoleor

6、pHoptimaThepHatwhichtheenzymeexhibitshighestweightfractionsF(R)andF(S)(whereF(R)+F(S)=1),theactivity.enantiomericexcessisdefinedas

7、F(R)−F(S)

8、(andthesubstratespecificityAcharacteristicfeatureofenzymepercentenantiomerexcessby100times

9、F(R)−F(S)

10、).activityinrelat

11、iontothekindofsubstrateonwhichthehydrolaseAnenzymethatcatalyzesthehydrolysisofaenzymeorcatalyticmoleculeacts.chemicalbond,andisclassifiedasEC3intheEnzymetemperatureoptimaThetemperatureatwhichtheCommission(EC)numberclassificationofenzymes.enzymeexhibitshighest

12、activity.3.02.1IntroductionEnzymesareproteinsthatcatalyzechemicalreactions.Assuch,enzymeshavebeenwidelyusedtofacilitateindustrialprocessesandtheproductionofproducts,andtheseenzymesarerefe