PHYSICS - Deep Down Things_ The Breathtaking Beauty of Particle Physics【Bruce A. Schumm】

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1、DeepDownThingsThispageintentionallyleftblankDEEPDOWNTHINGSTheBreathtakingBeautyofParticlePhysicsBruceA.SchummTheJohnsHopkinsUniversityPressBaltimore&London©2004TheJohnsHopkinsUniversityPressAllrightsreserved.Published2004PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmericaonacid-freepaper246897

2、531TheJohnsHopkinsUniversityPress2715NorthCharlesStreetBaltimore,Maryland21218-4363www.press.jhu.eduLibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataSchumm,BruceA.,1958–Deepdownthings:thebreathtakingbeautyofparticlephysics/BruceA.Schumm.p.cm.Includesbibiliographicalreferencesand

3、index.ISBN0-8018-7971-X(hardcover:acid-freepaper)1.Particles(Nuclearphysics)2.Quantumfieldtheory3.Gaugefields(Physics)4.Symmetry(Physics)I.Title.QC793.2.S352004539.7
2—dc222004050710AcatalogrecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary.Illustrations(exceptforfig.4.12onp.90)a

4、rebyBillRowe.Andforallthis,natureisneverspent;Therelivesthedearestfreshnessdeepdownthings—GerardManleyHopkins,God’sGrandeurThispageintentionallyleftblankContentsPrefaceix1Introduction12TheTrueMovers&Shakers:TheForcesofNature63TheGreatReawakening:TheModernPhysicsRevolution184T

5、heMarriageofRelativity&QuantumTheory:RelativisticQuantumFieldTheory505PatternsinNature:TheFundamentalBuildingBlocks936MathematicalPatterns:LieGroups1397TheWorldWithin:InternalSymmetries1698PhysicsbyPureThought:GaugeTheory2089TheCurrentParadigm:HiddenSymmetry,theStandardModel&

6、theHiggsBoson28310IntotheUnknown:WhatLiesAhead333Appendix:ExponentialNotation353Notes355Index371ThispageintentionallyleftblankPrefaceIdidn’tcomeupwiththetitleforthisbook.Forthat,Icanthankthepeo-pleattheJohnsHopkinsUniversityPress,andinparticular,TrevorLip-scombe,withwhomIwork

7、edquitecloselyatvariousstagesasthebookcametogether.ButthisIwillsay:thetitledoesaboutasgoodajobofcap-turingtheessenceofparticlephysicsasanystringofthreemonosyllabicwordspossiblycan.Deepdownwithintheatomicnucleus,deeplywithintheparadoxicalrichnessofemptyspace,deepinsidethesynap

8、sesofthegreatscientificthinkersofthetwentiethcentury—thisistheterrito