资源描述：
《Features of Similarity》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、PsychologicalReviewJCopyright©1977C_?bytheAmericanPsychologicalAssociation,Inc.VOLUME84NUMBER4JULY1977FeaturesofSimilarityAmosTverskyHebrewUniversityJerusalem,IsraelThemetricanddimensionalassumptionsthatunderliethegeometricrepresen-tationofsimilarityarequestionedonboththe
2、oreticalandempiricalgrounds.Anewset-theoreticalapproachtosimilarityisdevelopedinwhichobjectsarerepresentedascollectionsoffeatures,andsimilarityisdescribedasafeature-matchingprocess.Specifically,asetofqualitativeassumptionsisshowntoimplythecontrastmodel,whichexpressesthesi
3、milaritybetweenobjectsasalinearcombinationofthemeasuresoftheircommonanddistinctivefeatures.Severalpredictionsofthecontrastmodelaretestedinstudiesofsimilaritywithbothsemanticandperceptualstimuli.Themodelisusedtouncover,analyze,andexplainavarietyofempiricalphenomenasuchasth
4、eroleofcommonanddistinctivefeatures,therelationsbetweenjudgmentsofsimilarityanddiffer-ence,thepresenceofasymmetricsimilarities,andtheeffectsofcontextonjudgmentsofsimilarity.Thecontrastmodelgeneralizesstandardrepresenta-tionsofsimilaritydataintermsofclustersandtrees.Itisal
5、sousedtoanalyzetherelationsofprototypicalityandfamilyresemblance.Similarityplaysafundamentalroleinerrorsofsubstitution,andcorrelationbetweentheoriesofknowledgeandbehavior.Itservesoccurrences.Analysesofthesedataattempttoasanorganizingprinciplebywhichindividualsexplaintheob
6、servedsimilarityrelationsandclassifyobjects,formconcepts,andmakegen-tocapturetheunderlyingstructureoftheob-eralizations.Indeed,theconceptofsimilarityjectsunderstudy.isubiquitousinpsychologicaltheory.Itunder-Thetheoreticalanalysisofsimilarityrela-liestheaccountsofstimulusa
7、ndresponsetionshasbeendominatedbygeometricgeneralizationinlearning,itisemployedtomodels.Thesemodelsrepresentobjectsasexplainerrorsinmemoryandpatternrecogni-pointsinsomecoordinatespacesuchthatthetion,anditiscentraltotheanalysisofcon-observeddissimilaritiesbetweenobjectscor
8、-notativemeaning.respondtothemetricdistancesbetweentheSimilarityordissimilaritydataappearinrespe
