Construction of a femtosecond mode-locked laser

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1、Constructionofafemtosecondmode-lockedlaser1Contents1Introduction.……………………………………………...21.1Motivation..................................…21.2Overview...................................…32PrinciplesofOperation2.1IntroductiontoLasers............................

2、42.2PulsedOperation................................52.2.1Mode-locking............................……52.2.2GroupVelocityDispersion......................112.3Ultrashortpulsedoperations.KLM-laser……………….133ExperimentalSetup3.1LaserCavityDesign..................

3、...........143.2Materials...................................…153.2.1Activemediumandpumping…………………………153.2.2Mirrors………………………………………………..173.3Thecavityalignments…………………………………...183.3.1PrismaticGroupDelayDispersionCompensator…….183.3.2Stabilityzonesofthelaser…

4、………………………….203.4Operatingcharacteristicsofthemode-lockedlaser……..22References……………………………………………………251Chapter1IntroductionTheinventionofthelaserin1960stimulatedrenewedinterestinopticalphysicsandgaverisetoanumberofnewresearchfields.Oneofthemwasthefieldofultra

5、fastoptics,whichhadthe-9beginninginthemid-1960swiththeproductionofnanosecond(10s)pulsesbythefirstmode-lockedlaser.Today,ultrashortpulsegenerationremainsthesubjectofactiveresearch.Rapidprogressinthisfieldhasledtothecreationofpracticalandusefullasersthatcann

6、owproduce-15pulsesonthefemtosecond(10s)timescale.Inthiswork,wemakeuseofthesedevelopmentstoconstructaKerr-lens-mode-lockedTi:sapphirefemtosecondlaser.1.1MotivationUltrashortpulselasersareusedinawiderangeofareas,bothscientificandindustrial.Thevalueofultrasho

7、rtpulselasersliesintheirtimeandfrequencydomainproperties.Inthetimedomain,theoutputconsistsofhighintensitypulsesonthefemtosecondtimescale.Inthefrequencydomain,thepulsetrainproducedbyamode-lockedlaserconsistsofabroadspectrumofequidistantmodeswithadefinedphas

8、erelationship(Figure1.1).Ultrashortpulselasersmakeitpossibletoprobenatureonthefemtosecondtimescales,allowingthetime-resolvedstudyofanumberofultrafastchemical,biological,andphysicalprocesses.Forexample,suchlas