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1、PHYSICALREVIEWBVOLUME53,NUMBER415JANUARY1996-IIARTICLESNanosecond-to-femtosecondlaser-inducedbreakdownindielectricsB.C.Stuart,M.D.Feit,S.Herman,A.M.Rubenchik,B.W.Shore,andM.D.PerryLawrenceLivermoreNationalLaboratory,P.O.Box808,L-493,Livermore,California94550~Received9February1995
2、;revisedmanuscriptreceived4October1995!Wereportextensivelaser-induceddamagethresholdmeasurementsondielectricmaterialsatwavelengthsof1053and526nmforpulsedurationstrangingfrom140fsto1ns.Qualitativedifferencesinthemorphologyofdamageandadeparturefromthediffusion-dominatedt1/2scalingo
3、fthedamage¯uenceindicatethatdamageoccursfromablationfort<10psandfromconventionalmelting,boiling,andfracturefort.50ps.We®ndadecreasingthreshold¯uenceassociatedwithagradualtransitionfromthelong-pulse,thermallydominatedregimetoanablativeregimedominatedbycollisionalandmultiphotonioni
4、zation,andplasmaformation.Atheoreticalmodelbasedonelectronproductionviamultiphotonionization,Jouleheating,andcollisional~avalanche!ionizationisinquantitativeagreementwiththeexperimentalresults.I.INTRODUCTIONwidthisdecreasedfrom10psto150fs,asreportedbyDu2324etal.Instead,weobservea
5、continuouslydecreasingTheoreticalandexperimentalinvestigationsofthepulsethresholdassociatedwithagradualtransitionfromthelong-widthandwavelengthscalingoflaser-induceddamageinpulse,thermallydominatedregime,toanablativeregime1±24dielectricshavebeenthesubjectofnumerousstudies.dominat
6、edbycollisionalandmultiphotonionization,andForpulseslongerthanafewtensofpicoseconds,thegener-plasmaformation.allyacceptedpictureofbulkdamagetodefect-freedielec-Ourtheoreticalpictureoflaser-induceddamagetodielec-tricsinvolvestheheatingofconduction-bandelectronsbytricsismuchsimpler
7、forpulsedurationslessthanabout10theincidentradiationandtransferofthisenergytothelat-psthanforlongerpulses.Inthisshort-pulseregime,intensi-tice.Damageoccurswhenthedepositedheatissuf®cienttotiescorrespondingtobreakdownproduceelectronsviamelt,boil,orfracturethedielectricmaterial.Bec
8、ausethephotoionization,andtheseelectrons
