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1、CREDITANDBLAME00Tilly_FMi-xii.inddi2/7/0812:02:21PM00Tilly_FMi-xii.inddii2/7/0812:02:22PMCREDITANDBLAMEPrincetonUniversityPressCharlesTillyPrincetonandOxford00Tilly_FMi-xii.inddiii2/7/0812:02:22PMCopyright©2008byPrincetonUniversityPressPublishedbyPrincetonUnive
2、rsityPress,41WilliamStreet,Princeton,NewJersey08540IntheUnitedKingdom:PrincetonUniversityPress,6OxfordStreet,Woodstock,OxfordshireOX201TWAllRightsReservedLibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataTilly,Charles.Creditandblame,CharlesTilly.p.cm.Includesbiblio
3、graphicalreferencesandindex.ISBN978-0-691-13578-6(hbk.:alk.paper)1.Attribution(Socialpsychology)2.Responsibility.3.Blame.4.Justice.I.Title.HM1076.T542008302.12dc222007045225BritishLibraryCataloging-in-PublicationDataisavailableThisbookhasbeencomposedinElectraa
4、ndAmericanGothicPrintedonacid-freepaper.∞press.princeton.eduPrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica1357910864200Tilly_FMi-xii.inddiv2/7/0812:02:22PMCONTENTSPrefacevii1Credit,Blame,andSocialLife12Justice313Credit614Blame915MemoriesofVictory,Loss,andBlame120Notes153Ref
5、erences161Index17300Tilly_FMi-xii.inddv2/7/0812:02:22PM00Tilly_FMi-xii.inddvi2/7/0812:02:23PMPREFACEWehumansspendourlivesblaming,takingcredit,and(oftenmorereluctantly)givingcredittootherpeople.Viablevisionsoflifecanincludevaryingproportionsofcreditandblame,butn
6、oneofusescapestheurgetoassignvaluepositiveornegativetootherpeoplesactions,aswellasourown.Thatisso,Ispeculate,becauseevolutionhasorganizedourbrainstocreateaccountsofactionsandinteractionsinwhichXdoesYtoZ.XcausesYtohappen,andZbearstheconsequences.Wedontsimplyobse
7、rveX-Y-Zsequencesdispassionately,asifwewerewatchinghowfallingraindropsformapuddleonawindowsill.Instead,weassignmoralweighttothosesequences,decidingmanytimeseachday(usuallywithoutmuchreflection)whetherweorsomeoneelsedidtherightthing.Whatsmore,wewantdoingtherightt
8、hingtoreceiverewardsanddoingthewrongthingtoreceivepunishments.Thisbookfocusesonhowwehu-mansrelatejustrewardsandpunishmentstootherpeoplesactions,andtoourown.Overahalfcenturyo
