Soils and Climate Change Gas Fluxes and Soil Processes

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1、ReviewsSoilsandClimateChange:GasFluxesandSoilProcessesEricC.Brevik*AccordingtotheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange,globaltemperaturesareexpectedtoincrease1.1to6.4°Cduringthe21stcentury,andprecipitationpatternswillbealteredbyclimatechange.Soilsareintricatelylinkedtotheatmospheric–climatesy

2、stemthroughthecarbon,nitrogen,andhydrologiccycles.Alteredclimatewill,therefore,haveaneffectonsoilprocessesandproper-ties,andatthesametime,thesoilsthemselveswillhaveaneffectonclimate.Studyoftheeffectsofclimatechangeonsoilprocessesandpropertiesisstillnascent,buthasrevealedthatclimatechangewilli

3、mpactsoilorganicmatterdynamics,includingsoilorganismsandthemultiplesoilpropertiesthataretiedtoorganicmatter,soilwater,andsoilerosion.Theexactdirectionandmagnitudeofthoseimpactswillbedependentontheamountofchangeinatmosphericgases,temperature,andprecipi-tationamountsandpatterns.Recentstudiesgiv

4、ereasontobelieveatleastsomesoilsmaybecomenetsourcesofatmosphericcarbonastemperaturesriseandthatthisisparticularlytrueofhighlati-tuderegionswithcurrentlypermanentlyfrozensoils.Soilerosionbybothwindandwaterisalsolikelytoincrease.However,therearestillmanythingsweneedtoknowmoreabout.Howclimatecha

5、ngewillaffectthenitrogencycleand,inturn,howthenitrogencyclewillaffectcarbonsequestrationinsoilsisamajorresearchneed,asisabetterunderstandingofsoilwater–COlevel–temperature2relationships.KnowledgeoftheresponseofplantstoelevatedatmosphericCOgivenlimitationsin2nutrientslikenitrogenandphosphorusa

6、ndassociatedeffectsonsoilorganicmatterdynamicsisacriticalneed.Thereisalsoagreatneedforabetterunderstandingofhowsoilorganismswillrespondtoclimatechangebecausethoseorganismsareincrediblyimportantinanumberofsoilprocesses,includingthecarbonandnitrogencycles.ThemostrecentreportoftheIntergovernment

7、alPanelonStudiesintotheeffectsclimatechangewillhaveonsoilsareClimateChange(IPCC)indicatesthattheaverageglobalintheirearlystages;therefore,thereisstillmuchmoretobetemperaturewillprobablyrisebetween1.1and6.4°Cby2090–learnedinthisarea.However,thr