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1、学好定语从句要攻克六关定语从句是中学英语语法中的重点内容,也是高考中常考查的一个考点。掌握定语从句的用法,必须突破以下六道难关:一、选准关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中,关系代词或关系副词都代替先行词在从句中充当一定的成分,如果该从句中缺少主语、表语、宾语或定语,就要用关系代词来连接从句;如果从句中缺少状语,就得用关系副词来连接从句。例如:(1)Istillrememberthedayswhich/thatwespenttogether.(2)Istillrememberthedayswhenweworkedtogether.二、了解仅用that引导限制性定语从句的几种情况t
2、hat在限制性定语从句中既可指人又可指事或物。在下列情况下,只能用that来引导定语从句:1.先行词是all,much,few,little,everything,anything,nothing等不定代词时。例如:Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuy?2.先行词被all,few,little,much,every,some,no等词修饰或被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast等限定词修饰时。例如:TheseareallthepicturesthatIhaveseen.Thisistheverydictionarythat
3、isofgreathelp.3.先行词既指人又指物时。例如:Myfatherandhisteachertalkedalotaboutthethingsandthepersonsthattheycouldremember.4.关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。例如:Ourschoolisnottheonethatitusedtobe.5.先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。例如:ThisisthebestEnglishfilmthatIhaveeverseen.ThefirstEnglishnovelthatIreadwasATaleofTwoCities.6.主句是who或wh
4、ich引导的特殊问句时。例如:Whoisthegirlthatisstandingunderthetree?WhichisthemachinethatweusedlastSunday?三、把握“介词+关系代词”结构中介词的选用介词的选择与主句中先行词的搭配密切相关。例如:That”sthereasonforwhichhewaslateforschool.ThisisthebookonwhichIspent8yuan.注意:1.定语从句中谓语动词是含有介词的动词短语时,介词应放在动词之后,不能拆开放在关系代词前。例如:Thisisthekeywhichyouarelookin
5、gfor.Thisisthebabywhomyouwilllookafter.2.该结构中,关系代词指人时用whom,指物时用which.四、弄清as和which引导的非限制性定语从句指代整体时的区别1.位置上的区别:as引导的非限制性定语从句的位置比较灵活,可以放在主句前,也可以放在主句后,还可插在主句的中间;而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。例如:Asisknowntousall,theearthturnsaroundthesun.Theearth,asisknowntousall,turnsaroundthesun.Theearthturnsarou
6、ndthesun,asisknowntousall.Theearthturnsaroundthesun,whichourparentsoncetolduswhenwewereveryyoung.2.词义与联系上的区别:as引导的非限制性定语从句与主句之间有着较为密切的上下文联系,as本身含有“正如”之意;而which引导的非限制性定语从句与主句之间在逻辑意义上近似并列句,which本身表示“这”或“这一点”之意。例如:Lighttravelsfasterthansound,asweallknow.Jackcamelateforschool,whichmadehisteach
7、erangry.五、注意定语从句的主谓一致性关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语必须与先行词保持人称和数的一致。例如:TomisoneoftheboyswhoarefromtheUSA.TomistheonlyoneoftheboyswhoisfromtheUSA.六、保持主句的完整性并避免从句成分的重叠1.在定语从句中,不管出现任何情况,主句的结构必须完整,即主句必须有主语和谓语,缺一不可,否则,整个主从复合句就无法成立。试比较:(1)Isthisfactory_______wevisitedlastweek