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1、1.当先行词是everything,anything,nothing(something除外),all,none,few,little,some等代词时,或当先行词受every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等代词修饰时。如:HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lisaid?李老师讲的你都记下来了吗?Thereseemstobenothingthatisimpossibletohimintheworld.对他来说似乎世界上没有什么不可能的事。Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.所有能做的
2、都做好了。ThereislittlethatIcandoforyou.我不能为你干什么。Hestayedinthelibraryandlookedupanyinformationthattheyneeded.他呆在图书馆查找所需的资料。注意:当先行词指人时,偶尔也可用关系代词who,如:Anymanthat/whohasasenseofdutywon’tdosuchathing.任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事。Allthegueststhat/whowereinvitedtoherweddingwereimportantpeople.所有应邀来参加她婚礼的客人都是重
3、要人物。2.当先行词被序数词修饰时。如:ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。3.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如:ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.这是我看过的最好的电影。4.当先行词被thevery,theonly修饰时。如:ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy.这正是我要买的词典。Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowns.家
4、里发生了火灾过后,那辆旧车成了他的唯一拥有。注意:当先行词指人时,偶尔也可用关系代词who。如:WangHuaistheonlypersoninourschoolwhowillattendthemeeting.王华是我校唯一出席会议的人。5.当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时。如:Whoisthemanthatisstandingbythegate?站在门口的那个人是谁?WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?哪件T恤衫最合我的身?6.当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。如:Theytalkedaboutthepersonsandthing
5、sthattheyrememberedatschool他们谈论着他们所能记起的在校时的人和事。Lookatthemanandhisdonkeythatarewalkingupthestreet.瞧瞧那个沿街走来的人和他的毛驴Which引导的定语从句在语法和语用功能有利于区别于that引导的定语从句的鲜明特色。一、语法要点。①有宽阔的指代范围。不仅可措代主句中某一先行词___名词(A),还可以指代主句中某些句子成分,如不定式宾补,不定式宾语,动宾结构等(B),甚至整个主句(C)。后两项功能是that所没有的。(A)Thecomputerwhich(=that)Iboug
6、htyesterdayishomemade.(B)YesterdayIaskedhimtogotothecinemawithme,whichagreed(昨天我要他同我一道去看电影,他同意了)。Hewishestogetquickrichwithoutanylabour,whichwethinkonlyWishfulthinking(他想不劳而获,迅速致富,我们认为这是想入非非)。(C)Thesunheatstheearth,Whichisveryimportanttolivingthings(太阳晒热地球,这对于万物是十分重要的)。②非限定性定语从句中,无论主语还是
7、宾语,关系代词用which不用that;即使which作宾语也不省去。Football,whichisveryinteresting,isplayedallovertheworld.Inevergiveuplearningforeignlanguages.WhichIfinktodeabridgedtotheworld(我从没有放弃过外语学习,因为我发现外语是通向世界的桥梁)。(比较下一句关系代词作宾语可省去的限定性定语从句。二者在这一点上的区别一目了然:Itisthecomputer(that/which)Iboughtlastweek.)③“介词