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1、GOM8InventoryManagementGOM8存货管理GeneralConceptsFunctionsofInventories(5)Transitinventories:existbecausematerialsmustbemovedfromonelocationtoanother(alsopipelineinventories)Bufferinventories:toprotectagainsttheuncertaintiesofsupplyanddemand(alsosafetystocks)asagainststockoutAnti
2、cipationinventories:suchasapriceincrease,strike,seasonalchange….一般概念存货功能(5)运输存货：是由于原料必须从一个地方运输到另外一个地方（包括管道库存）缓冲存货：防止出现不确定的供给和需求造成的脱销（安全库存）预期存货：例如价格上涨，罢工，周期性的变化……GeneralConceptsDecouplinginventories:betweenmachinesactingasshockabsorbersCycleinventories:lotsizeinventoriesFormsof
3、InventoriesRawmaterialsMaintenance,repair,andoperatingsuppliesWork-in-progress(WIP)Finishedgoods一般概念退耦存货：在机器间做减震器循环存货：大量的存货存货的形式：原材料维护和运转供应品在进行中产品产成品GeneralConceptsInventory-relatedCostsOrderingorSetupcostsInventoryCarryingorHoldingCostsCapitalcostsStoragecostsRiskcostsStockou
4、tCostsOpportunityCosts:theovertimerequiredtoincreasecapacity….thecostofidletime….一般概念存货相关的成本订货成本存货成本资金成本存储成本风险成本缺货损失机会成本：超时满负荷…..停机成本……GeneralConceptsTypesofInventoryManagementSystemsReorderpointsystemsPeriodicreviewsystemsMRPsystemsReorderpointsystemsAninventorylevelisspecifi
5、edatwhichareplenishmentorderforafixedquantityoftheinventoryitemistobeplaced.ThequantityofinventorytobeorderedisoftenbasedontheeconomicorderquantityTwobinssystem一般概念存货管理系统的类型再订货点系统周期性检查系统MRP（物资需求计划）系统再订货点系统库存达到一个预先设置的固定点时需要重新补充库存。库存订货数量依据经济订购量双箱系统TheABCConceptPeriodicReviewSyst
6、emsTheinventorylevelisreviewedatequaltimeintervalsReorderquantity=maximumlevel–on-handinventory–on-orderquantity+demandoverleadtime.PrioritiesforInventoryManagement:TheABCconceptBasedontheannualdollarpurchasesofaninventorieditem.基本概念周期性检查系统每间隔一段时间检查库存水平再订货数量＝最大存货数量－当前库存－已定购但尚未
7、交货的数量＋订货至交货这段时间的需求数量存货管理的优先权：基本概念依据存货盘点清单的年货币购买TheABCConceptAnnualQuantityUsedPercentageofTotalItemsAnnualDollarPurchasesPercentageofTotalPurchases5214.8$15,400,00050.75745.36,200,00020.410239.43,600,00011.8114510.52,300,0007.6375434.01,800,0005.9390636.01,100,0003.6Total10,92
8、3100.0$30,400,000100.0基本概念年使用数量占总数量的比例年货币购买占总购买的比例5214.8$15,4
