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1、Chapter12SupplyChainModelsLearningObjectivesAfteryouhavestudiedthischapter,youshouldbeableto•Knowthecharacteristicsofthemajortypesofobjectivesforstrategicmodels•Knowthetacticalsupplychainplanningmodel•Knowhowcharacteristicsanddifferencesbetweenarc-basedandpath-basedsupplychainmodels•Knowthewar
2、ehouselocationmodel(WLP),theGeoffrion&Graves(G&G),andthemulti-echelonstrategicplanningmodels•Knowthesiterelativecostfactorandhowtoapplyit12.1IntroductionAsshowninthepreviouschapter,thereexistsaverylargevarietyofsupplychains.Themanagement,planning,anddesignofthesechainscreatealargenumberanddive
3、rsityofdecisionsupportquestionswhichinturnhasyieldedalargevarietyofmodelsthathavebeencreatedtoassistinansweringthesequestions.Someofthesemodelswerepreviouslydescribedinthechaptersontransportationplanningandinventoryplanning.Thischapterwillfocusonmodelsthatdescribetheinte-gratedsupplychain.Supp
4、lychaindesignmodelsareinherentlythemostcomplexofallsupplychaindecisionmodelsbecausetheyhavetoincorporateamultitudeoffactorssuchaspurchasing,production,transportation,inventory,andfacilitiesandsupplychainstructure.Globalsupplychaindesignmodelshavetheadditionalcom-plexitiesofmultiplecurrencies,d
5、ifferenttaxationsystems,dutiesandtariffs,andtransferprices.Finally,theinstancedataforthesemodelstypicallycontainaverylargenumberofsupplychainobjects,suchascustomers,products,andtransporta-tionchannels.Asaconsequencetheinstancemodels,whichincorporateboththemodelstructureandtheinstancedata,tendt
6、obeverylargeandthecorrespondingvaluesofthedecisionvariablescanalmostneverbeuseddirectlyindecisionsup-port.Facedwithsuchlargeandcomplexengineeringdesignproblems,eightprin-ciplesguidetheengineeringprocessinordertobringittoasuccessfulcompletion.M.Goetschalckx,SupplyChainEngineering,InternationalS
7、eriesinOperationsResearch521&ManagementScience161,DOI10.1007/978-1-4419-6512-7_12,©SpringerScience+BusinessMediaLLC201152212SupplyChainModels12.1.1 EightPrinciplesofSupplyChainDesignProjects12.1.1.1KISSThefirstandmostimportantprinciplei
