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1、STEPSTOWARDARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCEconstructedtodate.MarvinMinskyTheadjective"heuristic,"asusedhereandwidelyintheliterature,Dept.ofMathematics,MITmeansrelatedtoimprovingproblem-solvingperformance;asaResearchLab.ofElectronics,MIT.nounitisalsousedinregardtoanymethodortrickus
2、edtoMember,IREimprovetheefficiencyofaproblem-solvingsystem.A"heuristicprogram,"tobeconsideredsuccessful,mustworkwellonaReceivedbytheIRE,October24,1960.Theauthor’sworkvarietyofproblems,andmayoftenbeexcusedifitfailsonsome.summarizedhere—whichwasdoneattheMITLincolnWeoftenfi
3、nditworthwhiletointroduceaheuristicmethod,whichLaboratory,acenterforresearchoperatedbyMITatLexington,happenstocauseoccasionalfailures,ifthereisanover-allMass.,withthejointSupportoftheU.S.Army,Navy,andAirimprovementinperformance.ButimperfectmethodsarenotForceunderAirForce
4、ContractAF19(604)-5200;andattheRes.necessarilyheuristic,norviceversa.Hence"heuristic"shouldnotLab.ofElectronics,MIT,Cambridge,Mass.,whichissupportedinberegardedasoppositeto"foolproof";thishascausedsomepartbytheU.S.ArmySignalCorps,theAirForceOfficeofconfusionintheliteratu
5、re.ScientificResearch,andtheONR—isbasedonearlierworkdonebytheauthorasaJuniorFellowoftheSocietyofFellows,INTRODUCTIONHarvardUniversity.Theworktowardattaining"artificialintelligence’’isthecenterofAVISITORtoourplanetmightbepuzzledabouttheroleofconsiderablecomputerresearch,d
6、esign,andapplication.Thecomputersinourtechnology.Ontheonehand,hewouldreadfieldisinitsstartingtransient,characterizedbymanyvariedandandhearallaboutwonderful"mechanicalbrains"bafflingtheirindependentefforts.MarvinMinskyhasbeenrequestedtodrawcreatorswithprodigiousintellectu
7、alperformance.Andhe(orit)thisworktogetherintoacoherentsummary,supplementitwithwouldbewarnedthatthesemachinesmustberestrained,lestappropriateexplanatoryortheoreticalnoncomputerinformation,theyoverwhelmusbymight,persuasion,orevenbytheandintroducehisassessmentofthestateofth
8、eart.Thispaperrevelationoftruthstooterribletobeborne.Ontheotherhand,ouremphasizestheclassofactivitiesin
