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1、MeshlessMethodsinSolidMechanicsMeshlessMethodsinSolidMechanicsYoupingChen,JamesD.Lee,andAzimEskandarianYoupingChenJamesLeeSchoolofEngineeringandAppliedSchoolofEngineeringandAppliedScienceScienceGeorgeWashingtonUniversityGeorgeWashingtonUniversityWashington,DCWashington,DCUSAUSAypchen2@gwu.edujdlee@
2、gwu.eduAzimEskandarianSchoolofEngineeringandAppliedScienceGeorgeWashingtonUniversityWashington,DCUSAeska@gwu.eduLibraryofCongressControlNumber:2005937127ISBN10:0-387-30736-2e-ISBN0-387-33368-1ISBN13:978-0387-30736-7Printedonacid-freepaper.C2006SpringerScience+BusinessMedia,Inc.Allrightsreserved.Th
3、isworkmaynotbetranslatedorcopiedinwholeorinpartwithoutthewrittenpermissionofthepublisher(SpringerScience+BusinessMedia,Inc.,233SpringStreet,NewYork,NY10013,USA),exceptforbriefexcerptsinconnectionwithreviewsorscholarlyanalysis.Useinconnectionwithanyformofinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadap
4、tation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdevelopedisforbidden.Theuseinthispublicationoftradenames,trademarks,servicemarks,andsimilarterms,eveniftheyarenotidentifiedassuch,isnottobetakenasanexpressionofopinionastowhetherornottheyaresubjecttoproprietaryrights.Printe
5、dintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.(TB/MVY)987654321springer.comTothememoryofmyfather,DinghuaChen:anunforgettablemathematician,poet,educator,andakindperson.YoupingChenTomyfamily,fortheirunderstandingandsupport.JamesD.LeeTomyfamilyandmyparentsforallthehardworkandsacrificestheymadetowardsmyeducation.AzimEska
6、ndarianAcknowledgmentsThemotivationthatledtothedevelopmentofthistextbeganbyourextensiveresearchincrashworthinessandnonlinearfiniteelementmethods(FEM)atTheGeorgeWashingtonUniversityforvehicleandbarriersafety.Duetosomelimita-tionsofFEM,weexploredalternativeapproaches,particularlysuitedforinverseanalys
7、isordesignpurposes.ThemajorityofthisresearchwasconductedfortheFederalHighwayAdministrationoftheU.S.DepartmentofTransportation(DOT).WewouldliketothankourresearchsponsorDr.MortOskardandtheFederalHighwayAdmini