Highly conserved linkage homology between birds and turtles

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1、ChromosomeResearch(2005)13:601–615#Springer2005DOI:10.1007/s10577-005-0986-5Highlyconservedlinkagehomologybetweenbirdsandturtles:BirdandturtlechromosomesareprecisecounterpartsofeachotherYoichiMatsuda1,2*,ChizukoNishida-Umehara1,2,HiroshiTarui3,AsatoKuroiwa1,2,Kazu

2、hikoYamada1,1143315TakuIsobe,JunkoAndo,AtushiFujiwara,YukakoHirao,OsamuNishimura,JunkoIshijima,AkikoHayashi,51663ToshiyukiSaito,TakahiroMurakami,YasunoriMurakami,ShigeruKuratani&KiyokazuAgata1LaboratoryofAnimalCytogenetics,DivisionofGenomeDynamics,CreativeResearch

3、InitiativeBSousei^,HokkaidoUniversity,North10West8,Kita-ku,Sapporo060-0810,Japan;Tel:+81-11-7062619;Fax:+81-11-27366304;E-mail:yoimatsu@ees.hokudai.ac.jp;DivisionofBiologicalSciences,GraduateSchoolofScience,3HokkaidoUniversity,North10West8,Kita-ku,Sapporo060-0810,

4、Japan;LaboratoryforEvolutionaryRegenerationBiology,RIKENCenterforDevelopmentalBiology,2-2-3Minatojima-minamimachi,Chuo-ku,4Kobe650-0047,Japan;ImmunologySection,NationalResearchInstituteofAquaculture,FisheriesResearch5Agency,Tamaki,Mie519-0423,Japan;TranscriptomePr

5、ofilingGroup,ResearchCenterforRadiationSafety,6NationalInstituteofRadiologicalSciences,4-9-1Anagawa,Inage-ku,Chiba263-8555,Japan;LaboratoryforEvolutionaryMorphology,RIKENCenterforDevelopmentalBiology,2-2-3Minatojima-minamimachi,Chuo-ku,Kobe650-0047,JapanMatsudaandN

6、ishida-Umeharacontributedequallytothiswork.*CorrespondenceReceived26April2005.ReceivedinrevisedformandacceptedforpublicationbyNobuoTakagi9June2005Keywords:comparativemapping,evolution,linkage,sexchromosome,snake,turtle,ZchromosomeAbstractThekaryotypesofbirds,turtl

7、esandsnakesarecharacterizedbytwodistinctchromosomalcomponents,macrochromosomesandmicrochromosomes.Thisclosekaryologicalrelationshipbetweenbirdsandreptileshaslongbeenatopicofspeculationamongcytogeneticistsandevolutionarybiologists;however,thereisscarcelyanyevidence

8、fororthologyatthemolecularlevel.Todefinetheconservedchromosomesyntenyamonghumans,chickensandreptilesandtheprocessofgenomeevolutionintheamniotes,weconstru