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1、TreatmentofLungCancer01Feb2015ContentIntroductionChemotherapyRadiotherapyImmunotherapyTargettedtherapySymptomsandSignsSurgery2021/7/17Introduction肺癌目前是全世界癌症死因的第一名。1995年全世界有60万人死于肺癌,而且每年人数都在上升,2003年世界卫生组织(WHO)公布的死亡率是110万/年,发病率是120万/年。男女患病率为2.3:1。另外种族、家属史与吸烟对肺
2、癌的发病均有影响。2021/7/17IntroductionThemaintypesoflungcanceraresmall-celllungcarcinoma(SCLC),andnon-small-celllungcarcinoma(NSCLC).Themostcommoncauseoflungcancerislong-termexposuretotobaccosmoke,whichcauses80–90%oflungcancersThemeanageatdiagnosisoflungcanceris60,i
3、tisunusualundertheageof40.Afterthediagnosisoflungcancerismade,approximately40%ofpatientssurvive1year,thecombined5-yearsurvivalrateforallstagesoflungcancerisnowapproximately15%.2021/7/17Introduction基本类型小细胞肺癌:小细胞肺癌(SCLC)近20%的肺癌患者属于这种类型,对放化疗敏感,故小细胞肺癌的治疗应以全身化疗为主
4、,非小细胞肺癌:非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)类,约80%的肺癌患者属于这种类型。非小细胞肺癌是一种恶性程度较高,易复发、转移的恶性肿瘤,超过半数以上的患者在确诊时已属相对晚期,治疗必须采用针对全身兼顾局部的多学科治疗方法(包括手术、放疗、化疗、免疫治疗及靶向治疗)。2021/7/17IntroductionRiskfactorsforNSCLCSmokingcigarettes,pipes,orcigars,noworinthepast.Beingexposedtosecond-handsmoke.Beingtr
5、eatedwithradiationtherapytothebreastorchest.Beingexposedtoasbestos(石棉),radon(氡),chromium(铬),soot(煤烟),ortar(焦油).Livingwherethereisairpollution.2021/7/17SymptomsandSignsSymptomsandsignsthatmaysuggestlungcancerinclude:coughingweightlossdyspnea(shortnessofbreath
6、)呼吸困难chestpainhemoptysis(coughingupblood)咳血bonepainclubbingofthefingernails杵狀指feverfatiguesuperiorvenacavaobstruction上腔静脉组赛dysphagia(difficultyswallowing)吞咽困难wheezing哮喘2021/7/17SymptomsandSignsAnorexia,weightloss,orasthenia(无力)occursin55~88%ofpatientspresent
7、ingwithanewdiagnosisoflungcancer.Upto60%ofpatientshaveanewcoughorachangeinachroniccough6%~31%havehemoptysis咳血25%~40%complainofpain,sometimesnonspecificchestpainbutoftenreferabletobonymerastasestothevertebrae脊椎,ribs肋骨,orpelvis骨盆2021/7/17Treatment肺癌的治疗方法手术41%化
8、疗23%放疗11%手术+化疗4%手术+化疗3%放化疗12%此外还有靶向治疗免疫治疗中药治疗等2021/7/17Treatment-Surgery外科治疗的重要性外科治疗是肺癌首选的,主要的治疗措施外科治疗能在最大范围内切除病灶及引流的淋巴结和受侵犯的临近组织,能实现根治,是所有治疗中效果比较显著的。2021/7/17Treatment-Surgery适合外科手术的患者非小细胞肺癌I~I