Green Cellular Networks：A Survey, Some Research Issues and Challenges

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1、524IEEECOMMUNICATIONSSURVEYS&TUTORIALS,VOL.13,NO.4,FOURTHQUARTER2011GreenCellularNetworks:ASurvey,SomeResearchIssuesandChallengesZiaulHasan,StudentMember,IEEE,HamidrezaBoostanimehr,StudentMember,IEEE,andVijayK.Bhargava,Fellow,IEEEAbstract—Energyefficiencyincellularnetwork

2、sisagrowingalsorepresentasignificantportionofnetworkoperators’concernforcellularoperatorstonotonlymaintainprofitability,overallexpenditures(OPEX).WhiletheBSsconnectedtobutalsotoreducetheoverallenvironmenteffects.Thisemergingelectricalgridmaycostapproximately3000$peryeartot

3、rendofachievingenergyefficiencyincellularnetworksisoperate,theoff-gridBSsinremoteareasgenerallyrunonmotivatingthestandardizationauthoritiesandnetworkoperatorstocontinuouslyexplorefuturetechnologiesinordertobringdieselpowergeneratorsandmaycosttentimesmore.improvementsinthe

4、entirenetworkinfrastructure.Inthisarticle,Therisingenergycostsandcarbonfootprintofoperatingwepresentabriefsurveyofmethodstoimprovethepowercellularnetworkshaveledtoanemergingtrendofaddressingefficiencyofcellularnetworks,exploresomeresearchissuesandenergy-efficiencyamongstth

5、enetworkoperatorsandregu-challengesandsuggestsometechniquestoenableanenergyefficientor“green”cellularnetwork.Sincebasestationsconsumelatorybodiessuchas3GPPandITU[4],[5].Thistrendamaximumportionofthetotalenergyusedinacellularsystem,hasstimulatedtheinterestofresearchersinan

6、innovativewewillfirstprovideacomprehensivesurveyontechniquestonewresearchareacalled“greencellularnetworks”.Inthisobtainenergysavingsinbasestations.Next,wediscusshowregard,theEuropeanCommissionhasrecentlystartednewheterogenousnetworkdeploymentbasedonmicro,picoandprojectswi

7、thinitsseventhFrameworkProgrammetoaddressfemtocellscanbeusedtoachievethisgoal.Sincecognitiveradioandcooperativerelayingareundisputedfuturetechnologiestheenergyefficiencyofmobilecommunicationsystems,viz.inthisregard,weproposearesearchvisiontomakethese“EnergyAwareRadioandNe

8、TworkTecHnologies(EARTH)”,technologiesmoreenergyefficient.Lastly,weexploresome“TowardsRealEnergy-efficien