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1、CULTURALDIPLOMACYANDTHEUNITEDSTATESGOVERNMENT:ASURVEYTheconceptof“culturaldiplomacy,”referstotheexchangeofideas,information,art,andotheraspectsofcultureamongnationsandtheirpeoplesinordertofostermutualunderstanding.But“culturaldiplomacy”canalsobemoreofaone-waystre
2、etthanatwo-wayexchange,aswhenonenationconcentratesitseffortsonpromotingthenationallanguage,explainingitspoliciesandpointofview,or“tellingitsstory”totherestoftheworld.Theessaythatfollowshastwoobjectives.First,toprovideabriefsurveyofsomeofthemajorculturalpolicyinit
3、iativesoftheUnitedStatesgovernmentfromthe1930’suntilrecenttimes.Second,tounderscoresomeofthebroaderpatternsandtrendsthatcanbediscernedinAmerica’sculturalrelationswithothercountriesandotherpeoples.OneofthefirstmajorAmericaninitiativesinculturaldiplomacycameinrespo
4、nsetoNaziGermany’s“culturaloffensive”inLatinAmericaduringthe1930s.TheGermanactivitiesintheAmericasweredescribedbyaU.S.culturalaffairsofficeras“well-organizedandwellsubsidized,anddesignedtocounteractandweakenU.S.culturalrelationshipswiththeLatinAmericancountriesan
5、ddiscreditU.S.motivesandpurposesinthearea.”Inresponse,atthePanAmericanConferencefortheMaintenanceofPeaceinBuenosAiresin1936,theUnitedStatesdelegationproposedaConventionforthePromotionofInter-AmericanCulturalRelations,whichwasapprovedunanimously.Thepreambletotheco
6、nventionstatedthegoalsasfollows:ConsideringthatthepurposeforwhichtheConferencewascalledwouldbeadvancedbygreatermutualknowledgeandunderstandingofthepeopleandinstitutionsofthecountriesrepresented…;andthatsuchresultswouldbeappreciablypromotedbyanexchangeofprofessors
7、,teachers,andstudentsamongtheAmericancountries,aswellasbyencouragementofacloserrelationshipbetweenunofficialorganizationswhichexertaninfluenceon2theformationofpublicopinion…theGovernmentsrepresentedherehaveresolvedtoconcludeaconventionforthatpurpose….AsKevinMulca
8、hyhaspointedout,severalmajorfeaturesoflaterUnitedStateseffortsin1culturaldiplomacywereforeshadowedinthis1936BuenosAiresConvention.Exchangesofpeopleweretobeused
