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1、AppearedinProc.of12thEuropeanSignalProcessingConference(EUSIPCO),(Vienna,Austria),pp.1221-1224,September2004.MULTIMODALBIOMETRICS:ANOVERVIEWArunRossandAnilK.JainWestVirginiaUniversityMichiganStateUniversityMorgantown,WV26506USAEastLansing,MI48823USAross@csee.wvu.eduj
2、ain@cse.msu.eduABSTRACT(overlap)inthefeaturespaceofmultipleusers.GolfarelliUnimodalbiometricsystemshavetocontendwithavari-etal.[2]statethatthenumberofdistinguishablepatternsetyofproblemssuchasnoisydata,intra-classvariations,re-intwoofthemostcommonlyusedrepresentation
3、sofhandstricteddegreesoffreedom,non-universality,spoofattacks,geometryandfaceareonlyoftheorderof105and103,re-andunacceptableerrorrates.Someoftheselimitationscanspectively.(d)Non-universality:Thebiometricsystemmaybeaddressedbydeployingmultimodalbiometricsystemsthatnot
4、beabletoacquiremeaningfulbiometricdatafromasub-integratetheevidencepresentedbymultiplesourcesofin-setofusers.Afingerprintbiometricsystem,forexample,formation.Thispaperdiscussesthevariousscenariosthatmayextractincorrectminutiaefeaturesfromthefingerprintsarepossibleinmul
5、timodalbiometricsystems,thelevelsofofcertainindividuals,duetothepoorqualityoftheridges.fusionthatareplausibleandtheintegrationstrategiesthat(e)Spoofattacks:Thistypeofattackisespeciallyrelevantcanbeadoptedtoconsolidateinformation.Wealsopresentwhenbehavioraltraitssucha
6、ssignatureorvoiceareused.severalexamplesofmultimodalsystemsthathavebeende-However,physicaltraitssuchasfingerprintsarealsosuscep-scribedintheliterature.tibletospoofattacks.Someofthelimitationsimposedbyunimodalbiometric1.INTRODUCTIONsystemscanbeovercomebyincludingmultip
7、lesourcesofin-formationforestablishingidentity[3].Suchsystems,knownEstablishingtheidentityofapersonisbecomingcriticalinasmultimodalbiometricsystems,areexpectedtobemorere-ourvastlyinterconnectedsociety.Questionslike“Isshere-liableduetothepresenceofmultiple,(fairly)ind
8、ependentallywhosheclaimstobe?”,“Isthispersonauthorizedtousepiecesofevidence[4].Thesesystemsareabletomeetthethisfacility?”or“Isheint
