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ID:39847286
大小:3.44 MB
页数:101页
时间:2019-07-13
《生儿听力及基因联合筛查》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、新生儿听力及耳聋基因联合筛查Hearingandgenescreeningofthenewborns赵武M.D.蚌埠医学院第一附属医院儿科DepartmentofPediatrics,TheFirstAffiliatedHospitalofBengbuMedicalCollege新生儿听力缺失的流行病学永久性听力缺失(permanenthearingloss)是最常见的先天性疾病之一,在活产婴儿中的发生率约为1-3/1000,远远超过先天性甲减、苯丙酮尿症以及其他先天性代谢性疾病发生率的总和。Universalnew
2、bornhearingscreening[J].PaediatrChildHealth,2011,16(5):301-305.我国每年新发出生缺陷例数高达90万,其中先天性听力障碍约3.5万人,唐氏综合征2.3-2.5万例,先天性甲状腺功能减低症7600多例,苯丙酮尿症1200多例,出生缺陷已成为我国重大的公共卫生问题。听力缺失vs.聋Hearingloss:ageneraltermforthecompleteorpartiallossoftheabilitytohearfromoneorbothears.听力损失:
3、单耳或双耳完全或部分丧失听力。PubMedMeSHHearinglossisdefinedbasedonthedegreeofloss,measuredinlogarithmicdecibels,atfrequenciesbetween125Hz(low-pitchsounds)and8000Hz(high-pitchsounds)低频音125Hz和高频音8000Hz之间的听力损失的程度,以分贝的对数值表示。Universalnewbornhearingscreening[J].PaediatrChildHealth
4、,2011,16(5):301-305.听力缺失vs.聋DeafnessAgeneraltermforthecompletelossoftheabilitytohearfrombothears.聋:双耳完全丧失听力。PubMedMeSHTherelationbetweemhearinglossanddeafnessHearingdisorders:单耳或双耳不同程度的听力减退。Deafness:最严重的hearingloss。新生儿听力缺失分类-病因分类遗传性听力缺失(hereditaryhearingloss)基因
5、和染色体异常所致,占新生儿听力缺失60%以上获得性听力缺失(acquiredhearingloss)环境因素或环境因素与遗传易感性的交互作用主要病因:先天性TORCH感染(弓形虫、风疹病毒、CMV、疱疹病毒)。CMV占新生儿获得性听力缺失的21%,也是先天性听力缺失最常见的环境因素,波动性、进行性和单侧性新生儿脓毒症(流感嗜血杆菌,脑膜炎双球菌)遗传易感性个体(线粒体基因组m.1555A>Gtransition)氨基糖甙类抗生素的耳毒性结果。创伤非综合征听力缺失(nonsyndromichearingloss):70
6、%GJB2基因突变最常见,其次为SLC26A4基因突变综合征听力缺失(syndromichearingloss):30%HandbClinNeurol,2013,113:1527-1538.AnatRec(Hoboken),2012,295(11):1812-1829.Ushersyndrome:Pendredsyndrome:Jervell-Lange-Nielsonsyndrome:先天性听力缺失,QT间期延长CongenitalhearinglossHearinglossispresentatbirthcong
7、enitalhearingloss≠hereditaryhearinglossGeneticfactorsCongenitalhereditaryhearingloss:presentatbirthaccountingformorethan50%ofallhearinglossHereditaryhearinglossNongeneticfactorsAcquiredhearinglossaccountingforabout25%ofcongenitalhearinglossHereditaryprogressive
8、hearinglossnotsevereenoughtobedetecteduntilearlychildhoodordeveloplateroninlifeMaternalinfections,suchasrubella,cytomegalovirus,orherpessimplexvirusPrematurityLowbirthweight
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