酒店管理会所 希尔顿酒店设计标准附录B

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1、希尔顿酒店设计和施工标准附录BLifeCycleAnalysis(LCCA)主要国际基准文件ThepurposeofanLCCAistocomparetheoverallcostsofprojectalternativesandtoselectthedesignthatensuresthefacilitywillprovidethelowestoverallcostofownership.TheLCCAshouldbeperformedearlyinthedesignprocesswhilethereisstillachancetorefinethedesigntoensur

2、eareductioninlife-cyclecosts(LCC).生命周期分析的目的是对各种项目方案的总体成本进行比较，并选择相应的设计来确保相应设施能够提供较低的总体拥有成本。生命周期分析应在设计过程的早期阶段进行，从而有机会提炼设计以便降低生命周期成本（LCC）。ThefirstandmostchallengingtaskofanLCCA,oranyeconomicevaluationmethod,istodeterminetheeconomiceffectsofalternativedesignsofbuildingsandbuildingsystemsandtoqu

3、antifytheseeffectsandexpresstheminmonetaryamounts.生命周期分析的目的是对各种项目方案的总体成本进行比较，并选择相应的设计来确保相应设施能够提供较低的总体拥有成本。Costs成本Therearenumerouscostsassociatedwithacquiring,operating,maintaining,anddisposingofabuildingorbuildingsystem.Building-relatedcostsusuallyfallintothefollowingcategories:9叶予舜8/3/2021

4、9:08:54下午希尔顿酒店设计和施工标准与建筑物或建筑系统的取得、经营、维护和处置有关的成本项目非常多。与建筑物有关的成本通常分为以下类别：InitialCosts—Purchase,Acquisition,ConstructionCosts有众多成本项目与建筑物或建筑系统的取得、经营、维护和处置有关。EnergyCosts能源成本Watercosts水成本Operation,Maintenance,andRepairCosts操作、维护和维修成本ReplacementCosts更换成本ResidualValuesi.e.ResaleorSalvageValuesorDis

5、posalCosts残余价值，例如转售或残料价值或处置成本Onlythosecostswithineachcategorythatarerelevanttothedecisionandsignificantinamountareneededtomakeavalidinvestmentdecision.Costsarerelevantwhentheyaredifferentforonealternativecomparedwithanother;costsaresignificantwhentheyarelargeenoughtomakeacredibledifferencei

6、ntheLCCofaprojectalternative.Allcostsareenteredasbase-yearamountsintoday'scurrencyvalue.各类别中的成本必须与决策相关并且金额可观，否则无需为此做出有效的投资决策。成本的相关性是指两种方案之间存在成本差异；而成本的可观性则是指该成本足以在某种项目方案的生命周期成本中切实产生差异。所有成本均采用当前货币价值，以基础年金额的形式输入。9叶予舜8/3/20219:08:54下午希尔顿酒店设计和施工标准EnergyandWaterCosts能源和水成本Operationalexpensesforen

7、ergy,water,andotherutilitiesarebasedonconsumption,currentrates,andpriceprojections.能源、用水和其他公用设施的运行费用均以用量、现价以及价格预期为基础。Energyusage:Energycostsareoftendifficulttopredictaccuratelyinthedesignphaseofaproject.Assumptionsmustbemadeaboutuseprofiles,occupancyrate