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1、ExploringDiasporaStrategies:AnInternationalComparisonJan26th-28th2009,NUIMaynoothWorkshopreport,June2009DelphineAncien,MarkBoyleandRobKitchinTheworkshopwassupportedbyfundingfromtheDepartmentofForeignAffairsandtheProgrammeforResearchinThirdLevelInstitutions,Cycle4.Thereportreflectsth
2、eauthors’viewsandnotnecessarythoseoftheworkshopsponsors.INTRODUCTIONBackgroundtotheworkshopWhilstmigrationhaslongbeenacharacteristicofsocieties,thelasttwocenturieshavewitnessedthemassmobilityofpopulations,withmillionsofpeoplemovingacrosstheplanettotakeupnewlivesinnewplaces.Insomecas
3、es,suchmigrationhasbeenofnecessityforcedthroughpersecutionorstarvationoreconomichardship,inothercasesithasbeenastrategicchoicemotivatedbyambitionandopportunity.Whateverthereason,citizensofonenationhaveuprootedtheirlives,negotiatedatransnationaljourney,andmadenewlivesforthemselvesina
4、newnation,oftenwithinfairlylargegroupingsoffellowmigrants.Originallyconceivedoftorefertopopulationslivinginexile,theconceptofdiasporahasmorerecentlybeenbroadenedtoconcernmassmigrationingeneralandtosecond,third,andlatergenerationdescendants.RobinCohen(1997)thusidentifiesfivedifferent
5、typesofdiasporas:victimdiasporas(e.g.,populationsforcedintoexilesuchastheJewish,African,Armeniandiasporas);labourdiasporas(e.g.,massmigrationinsearchofworkandeconomicopportunitiessuchastheIndianandTurkishdiasporas);tradediasporas(e.g.,migrationsseekingtoopentraderoutesandlinkssuc
6、hastheChineseandLebanesediasporas);imperialdiasporas(e.g.,migrationamongthosekeentoserveandmaintainempiressuchastheBritishandFrenchdiasporas);culturaldiaspora(e.g.,thosewhomovethroughaprocessofchainmigrationsuchastheCaribbeandiaspora).Diasporapopulationsarethendiverseinnature,shap
7、edbythereasonsformigration,thescale,timing,andgeographyofflow,howtheyinteractwithsocial,political,economic,cultural,andenvironmentalconditionsindestinationregionsandhowtheywerereceivedintheirnewhostcountry,andhowtheyviewtheiroriginalhomelandanditsculture.Andwhiletheymighteventuallya
8、doptthecitizenshipo
