资源描述：
《Writing in English》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、LeonardodaVinciprogrammeEuropeanCommissionWritinginEnglishAPracticalHandbookforScientificandTechnicalWritersAPilotProjectProjectPartnersZuzanaSvobodova,TechnicalUniversityBrno,CzechRepublicHeidrunKatzorkeandUrsulaJaekel,TechnischeUniversität,Chemnitz,GermanyStefa
2、niaDugovicovaandMikeScoggin,ComeniusUniversity,Bratislava,SlovakiaPeterTreacher,ELTCentre,UniversityofEssex,EnglandWritinginEnglishAPracticalHandbookforScientificandTechnicalWritersCONTENTSPageNo.PageNo.Foreword1TypesofWriting4Languagefunctions1.1ScientificArticl
3、es14.1AgreeingandDisagreeing351.2ResearchPapers24.2Classifying361.3Proposals34.3ComparingandContrasting374.4Defining392Composition4.5Emphasising412.1Titles54.6Generalising432.2PlanningyourWriting64.7Paraphrasing452.3ParagraphWriting74.8Quoting472.4Introductions92
4、.5WritingtheMainBody125Grammar2.6Conclusions145.1Adverbs512.7SectionsofaResearch5.2Articles53Paper175.3Numbers562.8DescribingTablesand5.4PassiveVoice56Graphs185.5Punctuation582.9Referencing195.6VerbTenses622.10Plagiarism215.7WordOrder652.11Abstracts212.12SummaryW
5、riting246Words3Style6.1Abbreviations673.1Objectivity276.2Prefixes683.2Clarity286.3Suffixes703.3Formality293.4Hedging293.5Signposting31ForewordNosciencestandsalone.Ifresearchdone,findingsfound,conclusionsdrawnarenotpresentedtotheworldthenitisarguablewhethertheyare
6、ofanyrealuseatall.Thereasonfortheresearchpaperistopresentthefindingstotheworld,tosharetheinformationlearnedforotherstodowithitwhattheywill.Whytheresearchwasoriginallyconductedisofinterest,buttheresearcher’sintentions,goalsandconclusionsarenottheend.Forexample,azo
7、ologist’spublishedobservationsofthechemicalmeansoftrailmarkingbyantsmaybereadbyabiochemist,whointurnresearchesthemake-upofthechemical.Thesefindingsarethenreadbyachemistwhosynthesisesthechemicalandthroughthatresearchfindsameansofbondingthatisbothdurable,butremovab
8、le.Meanwhileascientistinroboticsreadsthezoologist’sworkandotherpossibilitiesarise.Thisroboticistcreatesarobotthatcandetectandrespondtochemicalsappliedlikepaint
