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1、CourseinGeneralLinguisticsFerdinanddeSaussureEditedbyCharlesBallyandAlbertSechehayeIncollaborationwithAlbertRiedlingerTranslated,withanintroductionandnotesbyWadeBaskinmS9(6)McGraw-HillBookCompanyNewYorkTorontoLondonPREFACETOFIRSTEDITIONphoneticchanges,forexa
2、mple,includesthingsthathavebeensaidbefore,andperhapsmoredefinitively;but,asidefromtheINTRODUCTIONfactthatthispartcontainsmanyvaluableandoriginaldetails,evenasuperficialreadingwillshowtowhatextentitsomissionwoulddetractfromanunderstandingoftheprinciplesuponwh
3、ichChapterIF.deSaussureerectshissystemofstaticlinguistics.Weareawareofourresponsibilitytoourcritics.Wearealsoawareofourresponsibilitytotheauthor,whoprobablywouldnotAGLANCEATTHEHISTORYOFLINGUISTICShaveauthorizedthepublicationofthesepages.Thisresponsibilitywea
4、cceptwholly,andwewouldwillinglybearitalone.WillthecriticsbeabletodistinguishbetweentheThesciencethathasbeendevelopedaroundthefactsoflanguagepassedthroughthreestagesbeforefindingitstrueanduniqueteacherandhisinterpreters?Wewouldbegratefultothemiftheyobject.wou
5、lddirecttowardustheblowswhichitwouldbeunjusttoheapFirstsomethingcalled"grammar"wasstudied.Thisstudy,in-upononewhosememoryisdeartous.itiatedbytheGreeksandcontinuedmainlybytheFrench,wasbasedonlogic.ItlackedascientificapproachandwasdetachedGeneva,July1915.Charl
6、esBally,AlbertSechehayefromlanguageitself.Itsonlyaimwastogiverulesfordistinguish-ingbetweencorrectandincorrectforms;itwasanormativedis-PREFACETOTHESECONDEDITIONcipline,farremovedfromactualobservation,anditsscopewasThesecondeditionisessentiallythesameasthefir
7、st.Thelimited.Nextappearedphilology.A"philological"schoolhadexistededitorshavemadesomeslightchangesdesignedtofacilitatemuchearlierinAlexandria,butthisnameismoreoftenappliedreadingandclarifycertainpoints.Ch.B.Alb.S.tothescientificmovementwhichwasstartedbyFrie
8、drichAugustWolfin1777andwhichcontinuestothisday.LanguageisnotitsPREFACETOTHETHIRDEDITIONsoleobject.Theearlyphilologistssoughtespeciallytocorrect,interpretandcommentuponwrittentexts.Theirstudiesa