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1、FROMTHEACADEMY:COLLOQUIUMPERSPECTIVEInthelightofevolutionII:BiodiversityandextinctionJohnC.Avise*†,StephenP.Hubbell‡,andFranciscoJ.Ayala*†*DepartmentofEcologyandEvolutionaryBiology,UniversityofCalifornia,Irvine,CA92697;andDepartmentofEcologyandEvolutionaryBiology,UniversityofCalifornia,Los
2、Angeles,CA90095heEarth’sbiodiversityisawell-(fromspecies-areacurvesandotherevi-extendtomanykindsofterrestrial,springforscientificcuriositydence)totaxathatundoubtedlyareaquatic,andmarineorganisms.Thearti-aboutnature’sworkings.Itisdisappearingevenbeforetheycanbeclesunderthisheading,andthenex
3、t,Talsoasourceofjoyandinspira-identifiedandstudied.Nevertheless,illustratesomeofthechallengesoftionforinquisitiveminds,frompoetstotheydorevealthegeneralmagnitudeofquantifyingthemagnitudeofextantphilosophers,andprovideslife-supporttheongoingextinctioncrisis.Formanybiodiversityanddeciphering
4、extinctionservices.AccordingtoKellert(2),biodi-speciesthatmanagetoavoidextirpation,ratesandpatternsinarepresentativeversityaffordshumanitynineprincipallocalandregionalpopulationsarebeingselectionofdiversecontemporarytypesofbenefit:utilitarian(directeco-decimated.biotas.nomicvalueofnature’s
5、goodsandser-ThemodernextinctioncrisisisOceanscoverthree-quartersofthevices),scientific(biologicalinsights),promptingscientificeffortsonmanyEarth’ssurface,andtheirinhabitantsaesthetic(inspirationfromnature’sfronts.Systematistsarestrivingtode-mightseematfirstthoughttobesome-beauty),humanisti
6、c(feelingsdeeplyscribebiodiversityandreconstructthewhatbuffered(comparedwithterrestrialrootedinourinherentattachmenttoTreeofLife.Ecologistsaremappingtheandfreshwaterspecies)againstanthro-otherspecies),dominionistic(physicaldistributionsofbiodiversityandglobalpogenicdisturbance.However,Jere
7、myandmentalwell-beingpromotedbyhotspotsthatmeritspecialconservationJackson(6)compilesevidencefromfoursomekindsofinteractionswithnature),attention.Paleontologistsareplacingthemajormarinerealms—estuariesandmoralistic(includingspiritualuplifting),currentcrisisint
