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1、FROMTHEACADEMY:COLLOQUIUMINTRODUCTIONInthelightofevolutionVI:Brainandbehaviora,bbb,1GeorgF.Striedter,JohnC.Avise,andFranciscoJ.AyalaabDepartmentsofNeurobiologyandBehaviorandEcologyandEvolutionaryBiology,UniversityofCalifornia,Irvine,CA92697-2525nOntheO
2、riginofSpeciesbyMeansoftracing,andexcitotoxicbrainlesionsareConacoetal.(18)reviewearlierfindingsNaturalSelection(1859),Darwin(1)justafewofthemanymethodsthatthatmanyofthemoleculesfoundinIbarelymentionedthebrain.Onlyinrevolutionizedourunderstandingofbrain
3、neuronalsynapses,especiallywithintheTheDescentofMan,andSelectioninstructureandfunction.Obviously,neuro-postsynapticdensity,predatetheevolutionRelationtoSex(2),publishedin1871,didsciencehasalsobeentransformedbyofneurons.TheauthorsthenuseanDarwinemphasiz
4、ethatthehumanner-molecularmethodsthatDarwincouldanalysisofgenecoexpressionpatternstovoussystem,likeanyotherorgansystem,nothaveenvisioned.Researcherscanshowthattheseprotosynapticgenesinmusthaveevolved.Evenso,Darwinnowcomparegenesequencesandgenesponges,w
5、hichlackproperneurons,formhimselfwrotelittleonthebrain.Instead,expressionpatternsacrossspecies.Theyseveralmodulesofinteractinggenes.WithDarwinaskedhisgoodfriendT.H.Huxleycanalsotestcausalhypothesesabouttheevolutionofneurons,thesesmalltowriteachapterfor
6、thesecondeditionhowgenescontrolneuraldevelopment,modulesfusedintoalargermodulewithofTheDescentofMan,andSelectioninbrainfunctionand,ultimately,behavior.anovelfunction,namelytobuildsynapses.RelationtoSexthatdealtspecificallywithCollectively,thesemethodsma
7、keitThus,theresearchhasmovedbeyondthehumanbrainevolution.Inthischapter,possibletocompareacrossspeciesnotjustrelativelysimpletaskofhomologizingHuxleylaidtorestRichardOwen’searlierindividualstructures,suchasgenesorbrainindividualgenesandbeguntotracethear
8、gumentthathumanbrainsareoutliersregions,butmolecularinteractions,evolutionofcomplexandchanginggeneamongmammalianbrains.Instead,Huxleydevelopmentalprocesses,andintriguingnetworks.Aninteresting,ifasyetbarelyarguedthatourbrainsresembletheb
