资源描述：
《CONSTITUTIONAL LAW — FREE SPEECH CLAUSE — FIFTH》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、RECENTCASESCONSTITUTIONALLAW—FREESPEECHCLAUSE—FIFTHCIRCUITUPHOLDSTEXASSCHOOLDISTRICT’SDRESSCODEUNDERINTERMEDIATESCRUTINY.—Palmerexrel.Palmerv.WaxahachieIndependentSchoolDistrict,579F.3d502(5thCir.2009),cert.denied,130S.Ct.1055(2010).Overfortyyearsago,theSupremeCourtissueditslandmarkstu-dentspe
2、echdecision,Tinkerv.DesMoinesIndependentCommunitySchoolDistrict,1proclaimingthatstudentsdonot“shedtheirconstitu-tionalrightstofreedomofspeechorexpressionattheschoolhousegate.”2Tinkerheldthatinorderforpublicschoolstoregulatestudentspeech,schoolsmustdemonstratethatthespeechwould“substantiallyint
3、erfere”withschooldisciplineorwiththerightsofotherstudents.3Sincethisdecision,theCourthascarvedoutthreenarrowexceptionstotheTinkerrule,grantingschoolstheauthoritytoregulatesexuallyexplicitorlewdspeech,4school-sponsoredspeech,5andspeechpromot-ingillegaldruguse.6Inthepastdecade,withoutguidancefro
4、mtheSupremeCourt,fourcircuitcourts,includingtheFifthCircuitinCa-nadyv.BossierParishSchoolBoard,7havecreatedafourthexceptiontoTinker.Thesecircuitshaveheldthatpublicschoolsmayrestrictstudentspeechthroughcontent-neutralregulationssuchasmandatoryuniformpoliciesordresscodes,whichneedonlysatisfyinte
5、rmediatescrutiny8insteadofTinker’sheightenedscrutiny.9–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––1393U.S.503(1969).2Id.at506.3Id.at509(quotingBurnsidev.Byars,363F.2d744,749(5thCir.1966)).4BethelSch.Dist.No.403v.Fraser,478U.S.675(1986).5HazelwoodSch.Dist.v.Kuhlmeier,484U.S.260
6、(1988).6Morsev.Frederick,127S.Ct.2618(2007).Thiscommentuses“Tinkerframework”torefertotheCourt’srulingsonstudentspeechinpublicschools:Tinker,Fraser,Hazelwood,andMorse.7240F.3d437(5thCir.2001).8SeeBar-Navonv.BrevardCountySch.Bd.,290Fed.App’x273,276–77(11thCir.2008)(upholdingtheschooldistrict’sdr
7、esscodeprohibitingthewearingofnon-oticpiercedjewelryun-derintermediatescrutiny);Jacobsv.ClarkCountySch.Dist.,526F.3d419,428–32,434–37(9thCir.2008)(upholdingthedistrict’sdresscodeunderintermediatescrutiny);Blauv.FortThomasPub.Sch.Dist.,4
