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1、Archaeometry45,1(2003)19–32.PrintedinGreatBritainStrontiumisotopesintheinvestigationofearlyglassproduction19STRONTIUMISOTOPESINTHEINVESTIGATIONOFEARLYGLASSPRODUCTION:BYZANTINEANDEARLYISLAMICGLASSFROMTHENEAREAST*I.C.FREESTONEandK.A.LESLIEDepartmentofScientificResearch,BritishMuseum,Lond
2、onWC1B3DG,UKM.THIRLWALLUniversityofLondonRadiogenicIsotopeFacility,DepartmentofGeology,RoyalHollowayUniversityofLondon,Egham,SurreyTW200EX,UKandY.GORIN-ROSENIsraelAntiquitiesAuthority,P.O.B.586,Jerusalem91004,Israel8786Sr/Srratioshavebeendeterminedforglassesfromfourproductionsites,dat
3、edtobetweenthesixthandthe11thcenturies,intheEasternMediterraneanregion.Onthebasisofelementalanalyses,theglassesateachlocationarebelievedtohavebeenmeltedfromdifferentrawmaterials.Twoglassgroups,fromBetEli‘ezerandBetShe‘an,inIsrael,arebelievedtohavebeenbaseduponmixturesofLevantinecoasta
4、lsandsandnatron,8786andhaveSr/Srratioscloseto0.7090,plushighelementalstrontium,confirmingahigh8786concentrationofmodernmarineshell(Sr/Sr~0.7092)intherawmaterials.Theisotopiccompositionsofthesetwogroupsofglassesdifferslightly,however,probablyreflectingavaryingratiooflimestonetoshellbecau
5、sethesandsthatwereutilizedwerefromdiffer-entcoastallocations.Natron-basedglassesfromaworkshopatTelelAshmunein,Middle8786Egypt,haveSr/Srvaluesof0.70794–0.70798,andlowelementalstrontium,consistentwiththeuseoflimestoneorlimestone-richsandinthebatch.High-magnesiaglassesbased8786onplantash
6、,fromBanias,Israel,haveSr/Srvaluesof0.70772–0.70780,probablyre-flectingtheisotopiccompositionofthesoilsthatwereparentaltotheplantsthatwereashedtomaketheglass.Strontiumanditsisotopesofferanapproachtoidentifyingboththerawmaterialsandtheoriginsofancientglasses,andareapotentiallypowerfulto
7、olintheirinterpretation.KEYWORDS:GLASS,TECHNOLOGY,PRODUCTION,PROVENANCE,STRONTIUM,ISOTOPE,THERMALIONIZATIONMASSSPECTROMETRY,BYZANTINE,ISLAMIC,ISRAEL,EGYPTINTRODUCTIONThemajorelementcompositionsofancientglasseshavebeenextensivelystudiedoverthepasttwodecades(Henderson1985;Wedepohl1997;B
8、rill1
