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1、RadioactiveIsotopesandNuclearRadiationsintheTreatmentofCancer*JOHNH.LAWRENCEANDCORNELIUSA.T0BIAs(DonnerLaboratoryandDonnerPavilion,UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,Calif.)Itisnow@20yearssincewebegantouseartishipmentsisformedicaluse,andone-thirdofficiallyproducedradioactiveisotope
2、sincancerretheseshipmentsareforcancertherapy.Forinsearchandinmedicalresearch.Actually,ourfirststance,thereare50medicalgroupsintheUnitedtherapeutictrialswerein1936.IntheearlydaysStatesusingradioactivecolloidalgoldandradiothehopewasthatattheendof@0yearsonecouldactivecolloidalchrom
3、icphosphateforinterstitialreportoutstandingexamplesofselectivelocalizainfiltrationinvarioustypesofcancer,suchastionofradioactivecompoundsinneoplastictissue,prostatic,uterine,andbronchogenic.Twohundredmakingitpossibletogivethetumortissuemanyfiftygroupsareusingradioactivegold,chro
4、mictimesmoreirradiationthanthesurrounding,norphosphate,andyttriumcolloidsinthetreatmentmaltissues.ofcancermetastasizedtothepleuralandperitoUptothepresentmoment,investigationswithnealcavities.Thereare400groupsusingiodineonlytworadioactiveisotopeshavegivenusimpor181inthediagnosisa
5、ndtreatmentofhyperplastictanttherapeuticapplicationsinhyperplasticandandneoplasticthyroiddiseaseand889groupsneoplasticdiseasesthroughselectivelocalization.using@32forthetreatmentofpolycythemiaveraTheseareradiophosphorusinthetreatmentofandchronicleukemia.During1954therewerepolycy
6、themiaveraandradioiodineinthetreatover5,000shipmentsofradioactiveiodinefrommentofthethyroidhyperplasiaofGrave'sdiseaseOakRidgetoindividualusers,over@,500shipandinthepalliativetreatmentofcertainthyroidInentsofradioactivephosphorus,and6@shipcancers.However,onewhohasworkedinthefiel
7、dmentsofradioactivegold.Atthepresenttimefromthebeginningandwhoisaskedtosumuphisthereare30cobaltteletherapyunitsintheUnitedexperiencescan'thelpsayingthatthetherapeuticStatesinuseforexternalirradiationtherapyofachievementshavebeendisappointing;butevencancerwithhighenergygammarays,
8、and50moreintheearlydayswebelievedthatthegreates
