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1、CentralEuropeanHistory47(2014),1–29.©CentralEuropeanHistorySocietyoftheAmericanHistoricalAssociation,2014doi:10.1017/S0008938914000600ErnstFaberandtheConsequencesofFailure:AStudyofaNineteenth-CenturyGermanMissionaryinChinaAlbertWuN1898,theyearbeforehisdeath,theGermanmissionaryEr
2、nstFaberIreflectedonhisforty-yearcareerinChina.Theaccountofhisearlymissionsworkwassuffusedwithatoneoffailureanddisappointment.HewroteopenlyabouthisdifficultiesinadjustingtotheclimateandenvironmentofsouthernChina,thediminutivenumbersofconvertstoChristianity,hisfrustra-tionswithle
3、arningMandarinandthelocaldialectsusedinGuangdong,andtheoverwhelmingfeelingoflonelinessthatheencounteredworkinginruralparishes.1Yetuponhisdeath,FaberwasregardedbyhismissionarycolleaguesasoneofthemostimportantWesternmissionariesworkinginChina.Faber’sobituaryintheChineseRecorder,th
4、emostwidelyreadmissionaryorganinChina,hailedFaberas“oneoftheveryhighestauthoritiesinregardtothehistory,literatureandreligionsofChina.”2GustavWarneck,thefounderofProtestantmissiology(Missionswissenschaft)inGermany,calledFaber“themostimportantmissionaryofChineseaffairs,whograspedt
5、hecentralproblemsofmissionworkwithasteadyandbrillianthand.”3Thenineteenth-centuryworldthatFabernavigatedwasfilledwithseemingcontradictions.ConsideredbyhispeersasoneofthemostinfluentialmissionariesinChina,Faberdescribedhisownworkintermsoffailure.Helivedalifethatwassimultaneouslyp
6、rovincialandcosmopolitan,nationalandinternational,particu-laranduniversal.HisoriginallifeaspirationsweretobecomeaprovincialFundingfromtheFulbrightCommission,theAcademiaSinicainTaipei,andtheACLS/Mellonsupportedtheresearchforthisarticle.Iamgratefultomembersofthe18thGermanHistorica
7、lInstituteTransatlanticDoctoralSeminarfortheirincisivecomments.SpecialthankstoKenLedfordandtheanonymousreviewersatCentralEuropeanHistory,whohelpedtosharpenthepiece.IamparticularlyindebtedtoMargaretLaviniaAnderson,JeremyBest,JohnConnelly,AndrewJones,StephenMilder,andMichelleKuo,w
8、horeadearlydraftsandofferedinvaluablefeedback.1
