资源描述：
《北外MTI相关内容简介》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在工程资料-天天文库。
1、北京外国语大学2009年硕士研究生入学考试复语同声传译专业试卷I.将下列文章译成汉语(50分)IndiaandChinaneedhelptogrow,nothectoringEverytimethereisaspikeinoilprices,orwhenfoodcostsmore,orthereisarenewedworryaboutcarbonandclimatechange,academics,pundits,andthepressimmediatelypointtothehigh-consumptionfut
2、ureofIndiaandChina.Theyarewrongtodosowhenweconsiderthecausesofenergyandfoodchallenges,and,moreimportantly,whenwethinkoftheactionsandpoliciesneededtomanagechangesincomingdecades.IfitisquestionablethatIndiaandChinaaretoblamefortheglobalenergycrunch,itisevenlessa
3、cceptabletoexpectthemtoadheretopleastomoderatetheirenergyconsumption.Historically,energyconsumptionhascorrelatedwitheconomicgrowth.Thepresentdebateoverenergyoftenfocusesontwodimensions:climatechange(fromgreenhousegases),andthescarcityoffossilfuels.Withgrowingp
4、opulationsandeconomies,IndiaandChinawillcertainlyconsumeagrowingfractionofglobalresources,buttheyconsumeonly3percentand9percent,respectively,oftheworld'spetroleumtoday.Thegloballeader,theUS,consumesjustunderaquarter.Lookingatfutureoptions,whydoesitmatterifIndi
5、aandChinaareorarenotsimilarintermsofenergyconsumptionandneeds?Globaltreatiesaimtomodifyfutureconsumption,andmechanismsorformulaethatareconsideredfair(andlikelytoberatified)mustbecognizantofdifferences.Giventhedifferencesintheirsystems,needs,andincentives,aprop
6、osalmeanttoappealtobothmaynotappealtoeither.Withoutglobalparticipation,nosolutionislikelywork.Chinaalreadyhastheworld'ssecond-largestelectricitygrid,and,atcurrentratesofgrowth,itwillsoonbecomethelargestelectricityproducerintheworld.LikeIndia,mostofthisisbasedo
7、ncoal,theleast“green”oftheleadingfossilfuels.India'spresentinstalledelectricitycapacityisnotinthesameleague.Theresultisthat,forthecomingdecade,itwillnotbeabletogrowatarateanywherenearthatofChina.Inabsolutenetgrowth,theUSwilladdmorethantwiceasmuchcapacitythanIn
8、diain2007-08.China'sgrowthofenergyconsumptionhasbeenpositiveforitspopulation.Ithasnowprovidedelectricitytoanestimated98percentofhouseholds,unlikeIndiaorAfrica.Indiahasnotmetitsener
