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1、基础英语语法复习定语从句定语从句又称为形容词性的从句。能引导定语从句的关系代词或副词有:that,which,who,whom,whose,where,why,when等,在句中分别起到连接主句和从句的作用,关系词在句中可以作主语、宾语、定语、状语等。使用定语从句时要注意一下几个方面的问题:3.Whose即指人又指物,作定语。如:Theboywhoseparentsweredeadisnowbeinglookedafterbyhisuncle.TheroomwhosewindowsfacesouthisMary’sbrothers=Theroomthewindowsofwh
2、ichfacesouthisMary’sbrother’s.4.当先行词指时间、地点、原因,并且在句中作状语时,关系副词分别用when,where,why。如:ThatisthereasonwhyIcamelatethismorning.IwillneverforgetthetimewhenIlivedinthecountrysidewhenIwasyoung.特别注意:当定语从句缺少主语或宾语时,虽然先行词为地点、时间、原因,但从句则应由that或which引导,如:1949wastheyearthatpeoplewillneverforget.Thisisthescho
3、olthathevisitedtheotherday.Thereasonthat/whichhegavetomeistrue.IstillrememberthedayAhefirstcamehere.September18,1931isthedayBwe’llneverforget.A.whenB.thatC.inwhichD.forwhich6.as用来引导非限制性定语从句,可放在句首、句中或句尾,意思是“正如、正像……一样”,并且与固定的动词expect,know,say,imagine,report等连用;which引导的非限制性定语从句也可以只带句子所表达的整个内容
4、,但只能放在句子后面,且有“这使得……”“这一点……”之意。如:Thedayturnedoutwarmandsunny,asisreportedbytheweatherstation.7.关系代词在从句中做主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致。如:Mr.Lee,whoisateacherofEnglish,isagraduatefromShanghaiForeignLanguageUniversity.8.关系副词when,where与连接副词when,where的用法区别:关系副词when/where连接的是定语从句,修饰先行词连接副词when/where
5、连接的是状语从句,修饰主句中的动词。如:Pleaseputthebooktotheplacewhereitis.(定语从句)Pleaseputthebookwhereitis.(状语从句)另外还要注意关系副词也引导名词性从句的连接副词的比较。IstillremembertheyearwhenIstayedinthecountryside.IhavebeentoldwhenIshouldstart.9.复习时一定要弄清关系副词的用法和功能,关系副词在定语从句中作状语,通常放在表示时间、地点、方式、理由等名词的后面,从而引出定语从句。这里要强调两点,一是关系副词前必须是they
6、ear/time/day,theway,theplace,thefarm,thereason等名词作为先行词;二是关系副词when,where,where,5why必须是定语从句中不可缺少的状语。如:IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoXi’an.TheschoolwhereIamnowstudyingisoneofthekeyschoolsinJiangsu.10.关系副词也可以是介词+which。when=in/at/onwhich;where=at/inwhich;why=forwhich;how=inwhichthat,先行词多为
7、表示时间、地点、方式、原因等名词。在介词或介词短语+which(whom)结构中,介词可能与定语从句中某个词搭配有关,也可能与先行词的搭配有关。如:Whoisthegirlwithwhomyoujustshookhands?(shakehandswith是搭配)Thatwasthedayonwhichmanfirstlandedonthenoon.(表示某一天)Thisistheplace(that/where/atwhich)theRedArmydefeatedtheenemytroops.注意,先行词是thef