资源描述：
《词汇学知识点Chapter 1-3》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、Chapter1Basicconceptsofwordsandvocabulary1.1Awordisaminimalfreeformofalanguagethathasagivensoundandmeaningandsyntacticfunction.1.2-Vocabulary:referstoallthewordsinalanguage,andallthewordsofaparticularhistoricalperiod,agivendialect,agivenbook,agivendiscip
2、lineandthewordspossessedbyanindividualperson.Thegeneralestimateofthepresent-dayEnglishvocabularyisover1millionwords.1.3-SoundandMeaning: symbolicconnectionisalmostalwaysarbitraryandconventional.Adogiscalledadognotbecausethesoundandthethreelettersthatmak
3、eupthewordjustautomaticallysuggesttheanimalinquestion.1.4SoundandFormEnglishàPhoneticlanguage表音文字-ChineseàIdeographiclanguage表意文字Thereasonsfortheinconsistencybetweensoundandform1)Moresoundsthanform2)Anotherreasonisthatthepronunciationhaschangedmorerapidl
4、ythanspellingovertheyears,andinsomecasesthetwohavedrawnfarapart. 3)Athirdreasonisthatsomeofthedifferenceswerecreatedbytheearlyscribes.e.g.women,luveàlove4)Finallycomestheborrowing,whichisanimportantchannelofenrichingtheEnglishvocabulary.e.g.cliché,debut
5、1.5classificationsofwords1.5.1-Thebasicwordstock基本词汇isthefoundationofthevocabularyaccumulatedovercenturiesandformsthecommoncoreofthelanguage.ThoughwordsofthebasicwordstockconstituteasmallpercentageoftheEnglishvocabulary,yetitisthemostimportantpartofit.Th
6、esewordshaveobviouscharacteristics.1.5.1.1characteristicsofbasicwordstock1)Allnationalcharacter.全民性Wordsofthebasicwordstockdenotethemostcommonthingsandphenomenaoftheworldaroundus,whichareindispensabletoallthepeoplewhospeakthelanguage.Mostimportantofallfe
7、aturesNaturalphenomena/Humanbodyandrelations/Namesofplantsandanimals/Action,size,domain,state/Numerals,pronouns,prepositions,conjunctionse.g.rain,foot,hand,and2)Stability.稳定性Wordsofthebasicwordstockhavebeeninuseforcenturies.3)Productivity.能产性Wordsoftheba
8、sicwordstockaremostlyrootwordsormonosyllabicwords.Theycaneachbeusedalone,andatthesametimecanformnewwordswithotherrootsandaffixes.e.g.dog,foot4)Polysemy.多义性Wordsbelongingtothebasicwordstockoftenpossessmorethanonemeaningbeca
