词汇学Key to Chapter 6

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1、KeytoChapter6（第5-8章答案由熊翩、明莹、徐红玲、杨倩、冯青云、肖尧、黄丽霞、季梦、吴舒君、阮姗、祝迪、刘芸、黄迪、牛楠楠、赵锐华、柴红娟、陈柳整理，在此致谢！）Polysemy1.Polysemyisasenseofrelationthatdealswithwordsofmorethanonemeaning.Itistheresultofsemanticchange.2.Takeneckforexample.Ithasfivesenses：（1）thatpartofamanoranimaljoiningtheheadtothebody；（2）thatpartofthe

2、garment；（3）theneckofananimalusedasfood；（4）anarrowpartbetweentheheadandbodyorbaseofanyobject；（5）thenarrowestpartofanything.Ofthesefivemeanings，（1）isthemeaninggiventothewordwhenitwascreatedandalltherestwerederivedlaterintheprocessofdevelopment.3.Aworddevelopsitsmeaningthroughtheprocessofeitherrad

3、iationorconcatenation,andinmanycases,ofboth.Radiationisasemanticprocesswhichshowsthattheprimarymeaningandeachofthederivedmeaningsaredirectlyconnected.Concatenationisasemanticprocesswhichshowsthattheprimarymeaninggivesbirthtoasecondmeaningandthissecondmeaninginturngivesbirthtoathirdmeaningandsoo

4、n.Eachofthederivedmeaningisrelatedonlytothepreviousmeaningandthereisnodirectconnectionbetweentheprimarymeaningtothelatestdevelopedmeaning.4.Thewordboarddevelopedmainlythroughtheprocessofconcatenationbutradiationalsoperformed.Itfirstdenoted“atable”andlateracquiredtwoverydivergentsenses.Eachofthe

5、mhasgivenrisetoanothersensefromwhichtheOriginalnotionhasdisappearedasillustratedinthediagraphbelow.Homonymy1.Homonymsfallintothreetypes:(1)perfecthomonyms.(2)homographsand(3)homophones.Homonymsoftype(1)arewordswiththesamespellingandpronunciation,e.g.bank（银行）-----bank(岸);wordsoftype(2)arebow/ᵇᵊᶷ

6、/（n.弓）---bow/ᵇᵃᶷ/(ν.鞠躬);thoseoftype(3)arefound/ᶠᵃᶷᵑᵈ/(ʋ.)--found/ᶠᵃᶷᵑᵈ/(pastformoffind),ad/ᵆᵈ/--add/ᵆᵈ/andsoon.2.Englishhomonymscameaboutmainly(1)bychangeinsoundandspelling,i.e.wordsoriginallydifferentinsoundandspellinglatercoincidedinsoundandspellingthroughchange(2)byborrowing,i.e.anativewordf

7、orminghomonymswithaborrowedword;(3)byshortening,i.e.acommonwordforminghomonymswithaformshortenedfromanotherword.3.Wecandistinguishpolysemantsfromhomonymsbyreferencetothesourceandsemanticrelatedness.Apolysemanthasasinglesourcewhere