资源描述：
《英语词汇学chapter6-Polysemy-and-Hyponymyppt课件.ppt》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、POLYSEMYANDHOMONYMYChapterVI1Amanwhowasinvolvedinaseriousmotorcycleaccidentwasunabletospeakwhenhefirstregainedconsciousness.Wishingtoknowhowlonghehadbeenunconscious,hetookapieceofpaperandapencilfromthebedsideand,afterwriting“date”?onit,gaveittohisnurse.Shehandeditbacktohimaft
2、ershehadwrittentheword“Married”onit.2Asmostwordsarearbitraryandconventionalsymbolswithoutanyintrinsicconnectionwithwhattheyreferto,itmaysometimeshappenthatmorethanonemeaningisattachedtoaword,ortwoormorewordsmayhavethesameformbutbedifferentinmeaning.Theformerisknownaspolysemy,
3、andthelatter,homonymy.3PolysemyAlexicalitemhasarangeofdifferentmeanings,thatis,onesinglewordhastwoormoresensesatthesametime.blanket:羊毛毯；给……盖羊毛毯get:150meaningscut:120meaningsAsignofthesuperiorityofthatlanguage.“Themoremeaningsawordhasaccumulated,themorediverseaspectsofintellec
4、tualandsocialactivityitislikelytorepresent.”4Inordertoexpressnewideas,newprocesses,newproducts,andsoforth,languagecandothreethings:formanewword,borrowawordfromotherlanguages,oraddnewmeaningstoestablishedwords.Ofthethreeways,thesimplestoneistohaveoldwordstakeonadditionalmeanin
5、g.Thatiswhypolysemicwordsoflongstandingaresignsofanadvancedculture.5Twoapproaches1)Diachronicapproach(历时的)Fromthediachronicpointofview,polysemyisthoughttobetheresultofgrowthanddevelopmentofthesemanticstructureofaword.Thisfirstmeaningistheprimarymeaning(原始意义).Theselatermeaning
6、sarecalledderivedmeanings(派生意义).6AnExampleFace:12meanings(1)thefrontofthehead(2)asurfaceofathing(3)theappearance(4)thefunctionalsurface(5)effrontery(6)thetopography…(1)istheprimarymeaningandalltherestarederivedlateronfromtheprimarymeaning.Allderivedmeanings(2-12)arerelatedtot
7、heprimaryoneinonewayoranother.2021/8/1872)synchronicapproach(共时的)Synchronically,polysemyisthoughtasthecoexistenceofvariousmeaningsofthesamewordinahistoricalperiodoftime.Thebasicmeaningofawordisconsideredtobethecoreofwordmeaning,calledthecentralmeaning(中心意义).Thederivedmeanings
8、,nomatterhownumerous,aresecondarymeanings(次要意义).Theinterrelationorco
