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1、TECTONOPHYSICSELSEVIERTectonophysics286(1998)209-221Studyofout-of-planeeffectsintheinversionofrefraction/wide-anglereflectiontraveltimesC.A.Zelta,*,B.C.Zeltb,"DepartmentofGeologyandGeophysics,RiceUniversi~',P.O.Box1892,Houston,TX77005-1892.USAJ~Geotecltolog.vResearchInstitute
2、,HoustonAdvancedRe.searchCenter,4800ResearchForestDrive,TheWoodlands,TX77381,USAReceived5December1996;accepted16May1997AbstractInthepresenceofthree-dimensional(3D)inhomogeneousstructure,theresultsof2Dtraveltimeinversionwillbeinerrorsincetheeffectsof'out-of-plane'or3Draysampli
3、ngareignored.Wehaveinvertedsyntheticdatausing2Dand3Dalgorithmstoexaminetheerrorscausedby3Dinhomogeneitieswhichproducesignificantout-of-planeraybending.Theresultsofinvertingdatafrom2Dexperimentsarecomparedwithverticalslicesthrough3Dmodelsobtainedbyinvertingdatausinganumberofre
4、centlyemployed3Drecordinggeometries.Ourresultsshowthat,evenforstrong3Dinhomogeneities,out-of-planeeffectsarerelativelysmall,withcrustalvelocityerrorsoflessthan0.15kin/s,andintra-crustalboundarydeptherrorsgenerallylessthan2kin.Theseerrorsareapproximatelyequaltotheuncertainties
5、commonlyassignedtocrustalmodelsderivedfromtraveltimeinversion.Theartifactsarealsosimilarinmagnitudetothelateralsmearingthatoccursin3Dmodelswhenusingrelativelycoarse3Dgeometries.Onlyforadensenetworkofprofileswilla3Dinversionusingoff-andin-linedataprovidegreaterlateralresolutio
6、nthana2Dindependentorsimultaneousinversionofin-linedataalongeachprofile.2Dand2.5Dinversionofcrooked-linedatainthepresenceofstrongvelocityvariationsproduceserroneoussmall-scalevelocitystructure.Weconcludethatmost3Dcrustalexperimentscannotbejustifiedonthebasisthattheresultsfrom
7、a2Dexperimentoranetworkof2Dprofileswillbesignificantlyinerrorduetoout-of-planeeffects.3Dexperimentscanbejustifiedwhenadensegridofshotsandreceiversisusedorifavolumeimage,asopposedtoacross-sectionalimage,isrequired.©1998ElsevierScienceB.V.Allrightsreserved.Kevwords:seismic;trav
8、eltime;out-of-planeeffects:inversion:refraction;wide-anglereflection
