evaluating the effects of green port policy case study of kaohsiung harbor in taiwan

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1、C.-C.Chang,C.-M.Wang/TransportationResearchPartD17(2012)185-189189ContentslistsavailableatSciVerseScienceDirectTransportationResearchPartDjournalhomepage:www.elsevier.com/locate/trdNotesandcommentsEvaluatingtheeffectsofgreenportpolicy:CasestudyofKaohsiungharborinTaiwanChing-ChihChang*，Chih-MinWang

2、NationalCheng-KungUniversity,Tainan,TaiwanABSTRACTARTICLEINFOKeywords:GreenportpolicyImprovedharborairqualityReducedmaritimespeedzoneThepaperevaluatestheeffectivenessofstrategiesdesignedtoreducethesepollutantsinportareas，basedonanewlydevelopedassessmentmodeltocalculateemissions.Thecasestudyfoundth

3、atthestrategyofreducingtheship'sspeedto12knotsismosteffectiveincuttingfuelconsumptionandcosts，aswellasemissions.AdoptinganonshorepowersupplysystemcouldreduceC〇2emissionby57.16%andPMby39.4%.Byadoptingthestrategiesofbothreducedspeedandcoldironingemissionscontrol，areductioninemissionsof71%to91%canbea

4、chievedwitha20nauticalmilereducedspeedzone.Therefore，thegoalsofreductionsinemissionstoimproveportareasairqualitycouldbeachievedthroughadoptingagreenportpolicyinthefuture.©2011ElsevierLtd.Allrightsreserved.IntroductionAirpollutioncancausemanyhealthproblemsincludinglungcancer，cardiovasculardisease，a

5、ndbirthdefects.ShipscontributetotheseproblemsForexample，Corbettetal.(2007)estimatedthatabout60,000annualcardiopulmonaryandlungcancerdeathsalongtheEuropean，EastAsian，andSouthAsiancoastlinesareduetoparticulatematter(PM)emissionsfrommarinevessels.TheUSEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(2010)forecastedthat

6、airNOxemissionsfromshipswouldmorethandoubleto2.1milliontonsayearoverthenexttwodecades，whilePM2.5emissionswouldtripleto170,000tons，andVutukuruandDabdub(2008)forecastemissionsofozonewouldincreasebyupto59ppbby2020.Theeffectsalsovarywithlocation;GallagherandTaylor(2005)forexample，foundsignificantdiffe

7、rencesinenvironmentalimpactsfrominternationalshippingbetweenUSports.Numerousapproacheshavebeenproposedtoimprovetheairqualityincoastalareasandports.Forexample，Corbettetal.forexample，focusedonreducingships'speedtor