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1、WolfgangAmadeusMozartWolfgangAmadeusMozart,baptismalnameJohannesChrysostomusWolfgangusTheophilusMozart(27January1756–5December1791),wasaprolificandinfluentialcomposeroftheClassicalera.Hecomposedover600works,manyacknowledgedaspinnaclesofsymphonic,concert
2、ante,chamber,operatic,andchoralmusic.Heisamongthemostenduringlypopularofclassicalcomposers.MozartshowedprodigiousabilityfromhisearliestchildhoodinSalzburg.Alreadycompetentonkeyboardandviolin,hecomposedfromtheageoffiveandperformedbeforeEuropeanroyalty.At
3、17,hewasengagedasacourtmusicianinSalzburg,butgrewrestlessandtravelledinsearchofabetterposition,alwayscomposingabundantly.WhilevisitingViennain1781,hewasdismissedfromhisSalzburgposition.Hechosetostayinthecapital,whereheachievedfamebutlittlefinancialsecur
4、ity.DuringhisfinalyearsinVienna,hecomposedmanyofhisbest-knownsymphonies,concertos,andoperas,andportionsoftheRequiem,whichwaslargelyunfinishedatthetimeofhisdeath.Thecircumstancesofhisearlydeathhavebeenmuchmythologized.HewassurvivedbyhiswifeConstanzeandtw
5、osons.Mozartlearnedvoraciouslyfromothers,anddevelopedabrillianceandmaturityofstylethatencompassedthelightandgracefulalongwiththedarkandpassionate.HisinfluenceonsubsequentWesternartmusicisprofound.BeethovenwrotehisownearlycompositionsintheshadowofMozart,
6、andJosephHaydnwrotethat"posteritywillnotseesuchatalentagainin100years."BiographyFamilyandearlyyearsWolfgangAmadeusMozartwasborntoLeopoldandAnnaMariaMozartat9GetreidegasseinSalzburg,capitalofthesovereignArchbishopricofSalzburginwhatisnowAustria,butthenwa
7、spartoftheHolyRomanEmpire.HisonlysiblingtosurviveinfancywashiseldersisterMariaAnna(1751–1829),nicknamed"Nannerl".MozartwasbaptizedthedayafterhisbirthatSt.Rupert'sCathedral.ThebaptismalrecordgiveshisnameinLatinizedformasJoannesChrysostomusWolfgangusTheop
8、hilusMozart.Hegenerallycalledhimself"WolfgangAmadèMozart"asanadult,butthereweremanyvariants.Hisfather(1719–1787)wasfromAugsburg.Aminorcomposerandanexperiencedteacher,hewasdeputyKapellmeistertothecourtorchestraoftheArchbishopofSal
