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1、LanguageandLinguisticsCompass2/6(2008):1203–1215,10.1111/j.1749-818x.2008.00107.xSemanticsandPragmaticsofHumorSalvatoreAttardo*TexasA&MUniversity–CommerceAbstractThisarticlepresentsthestateoftheartofsemantic-pragmaticresearchonhumor.Thedevelopmentsinthefieldareseenasfanningoutfro
2、mtwocentralconcepts:thelinguisticversionoftheincongruity/resolutiontheoryofhumor(scriptopposition)andthemethodologicalclaimthatsuchatheorywasatheoryofhumorcompetence.Thedevelopmentsofthetheoryofhumorcompetenceand,morerecently,ofworkonhumorperformanceareseenaslyingattheoppositeend
3、sofacontinuum,withvariousapproachespositioningthemselvesalongthataxis.Itisarguedthatatheoryencompassingbothcompetenceandperformanceisnecessaryforthestudyofhumor.1.IntroductionThepurposeofthisarticleistoestablishthestateoftheartofresearch1inthesemanticsandpragmaticsofhumor.Tomany,
4、theveryexistenceofafieldofhumorresearch–letaloneofthelinguisticsthereof–maycomeasasurprise,butinfactthestudyofhumorhasalonganddistinguishedhistory,beginningwithPlatoandAristotle.Thissurveyisdeliberatelylimitedtolinguistics(andspecificallytosemanticsandpragmatics).Forabroadersurve
5、yoflinguisticsandadjacentdisciplines,seeAttardo(1994).Forasurveyofthepsychologyofhumor,thedominantfieldinhumorresearch,seeMartin(2007).Historically,therewerevariousattemptstodealwiththelinguisticaspectofhumor,butitwasnotuntilthestructuralistmovementinsemanticsthatattemptsweremade
6、topresentalinguisticsemantictheoryofhumor.2Theisotopy-basedmodelofGreimasenjoyedsomepopularityinEuropeinthesixtiesandseventies(seeAttardo1994forareview),butitwasnotuntilRaskin(1985)thatafull-blowntheoryofhumorwaspresentedwithinlinguisticsemantics.Needlesstosay,linguisticaccountso
7、fsomehumorousphenomena,suchaspuns,hadbeenpresented,buttheywerelimitedinscope,primarilytaxonomic,and,ifatallinterestedinsemantics,onlymarginallyso.Thedevelopmentsinthefieldareseenasfanningoutfromtwocentralconcepts,botharticulatedinRaskin(1985):thelinguisticversionoftheincongruity/
8、resolutiontheoryofhumor(scriptopposition
