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1、JournalofPragmatics19(1993)537-558537North-HollandViolationofconversationalmaximsandcooperation:ThecaseofjokesSalvatoreAttardo*ReceivedNovember1991;revisedversionSeptember1992Thearticledealswiththeparadoxofthecommunicativenatureofjokes,whicharedefinedasatypeoftextthatviolatestheprincipleof
2、cooperation.Theconsequencesofviolatingthecooperativeprinciple(breakdownofcommunication)areexamined.Thepaperarguesagainsttheapplicationofthementiontheorytotheviolationofconversationalmaximsinjokes,inanattempttoexplainawaytheparadox.Whilethenon-bona-fidemodeofcommunicationaccountsforthesurvi
3、valofthecommunicativeexchange,thearticlewillthenshowthatnon-cooperativetextssuchasjokesconveyinformationthroughtheirpresuppositionalbasis,ratherthantheirillocutionaryvalue,throughmetamessagesandsuppressionsoftheviolation.Finallyitwillshowhowspeakersexploitthenon-cooperativenatureofhumorfor
4、othercommunicativepurposes.1.IntroductionThisarticleisconcernedwiththeproblemofhowtextsthatviolatethecooperativeprinciple,suchasjokes,managetoconveyinformation.Section2containsarecapitulationofthefoundationsofGricescooperativeprinciple(CP)withanemphasisonthedifferencesbetweenfollowing,flou
5、ting,andviolatingamaxim,aswellasadiscussionoftheconsequencesofCPviolating,namelythelossofallinferentialpossibilities.Section3willpresentademon-strationofhowjokesviolatetheCP,includinganargumentprovingthatattemptstosalvagetheintegrityoftheCPbyusingmentiontheoryareunlikelytosucceed.Thelastse
6、ctionpresentssomeofthemechanismsbywhichjokes,despitetheircharacterofCPviolatingtexts,managetoconveyCorrespondenceto:S.Attardo.DepartmentofEnglish,YoungstownStateUniversity,Youngs-town,OH44555-3415,USA.*IamgratefultoVictorRaskin,DonaleeH.Attardo,Jean-CharlesChabanneandCameronShelleyforsugge
7、stionsandcommentsonpartsofthistext.Needlesstosay,Iamtheonlyoneresponsibleforerrorsinthetext.0378-2166/93/$06.0001993-ElsevierSciencePublishersB.V.Allrightsreserved538S.Attardo/Thecaseofjokesinformation:relianceontheirpresuppositionalbasis,presenceofmeta-messag
