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1、PhonicsRules Thevowelsare"a,e,i,o,andu";alsosometimes"y"&"w".Thisalsoincludesthediphthongs"oi,oy,ou,ow,au,aw,oo"andmanyothers. Theconsonantsarealltheotherletterswhichstoporlimittheflowofairfromthethroatinspeech.Theyare:"b,c,d,f,g,h,j,k,l,m,n,p,qu,r,s,t,v,w,x,y,z,ch,sh,th,ph,wh,ng
2、,andgh". 1.Sometimestherulesdon'twork. TherearemanyexceptionsinEnglishbecauseofthevastnessofthelanguageandthemanylanguagesfromwhichithasborrowed.Therulesdoworkhowever,inthemajorityofthewords. 2.Everysyllableineverywordmusthaveavowel. Englishisa"vocal"language; Everywordmustha
3、veavowel. 3."C"followedby"e,iory"usuallyhasthesoftsoundof"s". Examples:"cyst","central",and"city". 4."G"followedby"e,iory"usuallyhasthesoftsoundof"j". Example:"gem","gym",and"gist". 5.When2consonantsarejoinedtogetherandformonenewsound,theyareaconsonantdigraph.Theycountasonesoun
4、dandoneletterandareneverseparated. Examples:"ch,sh,th,phandwh". 6.Whenasyllableendsinaconsonantandhasonlyonevowel,thatvowelisshort. Examples:"fat,bed,fish,spot,luck". 7.Whenasyllableendsinasilent"e",thesilent"e"isasignalthatthevowelinfrontofitislong.Examples:"make,gene,kite,rope,
5、anduse". 8.Whenasyllablehas2vowelstogether,thefirstvowelisusuallylongandthesecondissilent.Examples:"pain,eat,boat,res/cue,say,grow". NOTE:Diphthongsdon'tfollowthisrule;Inadiphthong,thevowelsblendtogethertocreateasinglenewsound.Thediphthongsare:"oi,oy,ou,ow,au,aw,oo"andmanyothers.
6、 9.Whenasyllableendsinanyvowelandistheonlyvowel,thatvowelisusuallylong. Examples:"pa/per,me,I,o/pen,u/nit,andmy". 10.Whenavowelisfollowedbyan"r"inthesamesyllable,thatvowelis"r-controlled".Itisnotlongnorshort."R-controlled"er,ir,andur"oftensoundthesame(like"er"). Examples:"term,sir,
7、fir,fur,far,for,su/gar,or/der". BasicSyllableRules 1.Tofindthenumberofsyllables: ---countthevowelsintheword, ---subtractanysilentvowels,(likethesilent"e"attheendofawordorthesecondvowelwhentwovowelsatogetherinasyllable) ---subtractonevowelfromeverydiphthong,(diphthongsonlycou
8、ntasonevowel
