W.V. Quine - 1987 - Quiddities - An Intermittently Philosophical Dictionary

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1、Ouiddities~AnIntermittentlyPhilosophicalDictionaryW.V.OUINE~TheBelknapPressofHarvardUniversityPressCambridge,MassachusettsCopyright©1987bythePresidentandFellowsofHarvardCollegeAllrightsreservedPrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmericaTypesetinLinotronBemboanddesignedbyMariannePerlakLibraryofCo

2、ngressCataloging-in-PublicationDataQuine,W.V.(WillardVanOrman)Quiddities:anintermittentlyphilosophicaldictionary.Includesindex.I.Philosophy-Dictionaries.I.Title.B94S.QS3QS41987103'.2187-11974ISBN0-674-74351-2(alk.paper)(cloth)ISBN0-674-74352-0(paper)Thisbookhasbeendigitallyreprinted.Th

3、econtentremainsidenticaltothatofpreviousprintings.TothreestalwartArthritesFredericCassidyHaroldCassidyEdwardHaskellPrefaceThisisoneofalooselylinkedseriesofloose-knitbooksinspiredbyVoltaire'sPhilosophicalDictionary.AsVoltairere•markedoftheHolyRomanEmpire,mutatismutandis,hiswasneitherphi

4、losophicalnoradictionary.Mineisphilosophicalinpart,butlowlierthemesoccupymorethanhalfthebookandaffordedmemorethanhalfthefun,philosophybeingonthewholenolaughingmatter.Theonetraitthatthebookshareswithatruedictionary,namelyalphabeticalorderinlieuofstructure,bringsgratefulreleasefromthecon

5、straintoflinearexposition.Cross-refer•encesabound,buttheyreferforwardandbackwardindiscrim•inately,therebeingnopresumptionthatthereaderwillreadtheeighty-threepiecesinoneorderratherthananother.MythankstomywifeandtoMaudWilcoxandCamilleSmithofHarvardUniversityPressforhelpfulcriticismsandsu

6、ggestions.W.V.Q.ContentsAlphabet1Fermat'sLastTheorem60Altruism3Formalism63Anomaly5Freedom67ArtificialLanguages8FreeWill69Atoms12Functions72Future73Beauty17Belief18Gambling76Gender78Godel'sTheorem82ClassesversusProperties22ClassesversusSets24Ideas87Communication27Identity89ComplexNumber

7、s29Idiotisms92ConsonantClusters31Impredicativity93Constructivism33InfiniteNumbers96Copula36Inflection99Creation37Information103DecimalsandDimidials40KinshipofWords105Definition43Knowledge108Discreteness45LanguageDrift111Etymology49LanguageReform114Euphemism53LatinPronunciation117Excl