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1、下呼吸道感染的病原学和耐药状况王辉北京协和医院细菌室CAPpathogens(%)USA1Japan2Argentina3Spain4Taiwan6Thailand7CasesNo.2776200343395168147S.pneumo12.62110.216.52422M.pneumo12.59.55.53147C.pneumo8.97.53.54716H.influen6.6115353S.aureus3.45.02223Legionella3.01.014.315GNR4.54.543.36.512Virus12.7379.91
2、0-混合感染-461012.561Marstonetal,ArchIntMed,1997;2Miyashitaetal,Chest,2001;3LunaetalChest,2000;4Ruiz,AmJRespirCritCare,1999;5Thorax,19966LauderdaleTL,etal.RespirMed,2005.7WattanathumA,etal.Chest,2003.Community-acquiredpneumoniainEuropeOrganismCommunityHospitalICUStudies,n9
3、2313Streptococcuspneumoniae19.325.921.7Haemophilusinfluenzae3.34.05.1Legionellaspp1.94.97.9Staphylococcusaureus0.21.47.6GNB0.42.77.5Mycoplasmapneumoniae11.17.52Chlamydiapneumoniae870Viruses11.710.95.1NoPathogenidentified49.843.841.5WoodheadM.EurRespJ2002;20:Suppl.36,20-
4、27老年CAP的病原学<80y:1169例;>80y:305例(严重免疫低下者除外)最常见病原菌:肺链(两组均为23%)吸入性肺炎:5%vs.10%嗜肺军团菌:8%vs.1%非典型病原菌:7%vs.1%Medicine,2003,82台湾CAP病原菌OrganismDingLWYenMYLauderdaleTL(n=35)(n=100)(n=168)Unknown11%28%41%G(+)S.pneumoniae20%26%24%OtherStrep.3%1%1%S.aureus3%1%2%G(-)H.influenzae0%9%5%
5、K.pneumoniae0%5%5%P.aeruginosae0%0%0%Others0%5%2%AtypicalM.pneumoniae54%20%14%C.pneumoniae37%13%7%Legionellaspp.0%3%1%Virus-1%10%M.tuberculosis0%2%1%Mixed29%16%13%DingLW,ThoraMed2003;18(1):28-36.YenMY,JFormosMedAssoc2005;104(10):724-30.RespirMed2005;99:1079-1086IFA法(75例
6、CAP):确定Lp急性感染者13例双份血清抗体4倍升高6例急性期阴性,恢复期1:100~400阳性者5例单份血浆1:400阳性者2例尿抗原(25例):3例阳性,Lp急性感染2例与IFA方法结果相符,1例尿抗原方法为阳性,而IFA方法为阴性急性军团菌感染率曹彬,甄俊峰,蔡柏蔷等,2006PORT分级9/2634.6%﹡4/3511.4%曹彬,甄俊峰,蔡柏蔷等,2006微生物学诊断对CAP有用吗?-Pro重症CAP,抗生素使用前,做血培养治疗无改善的重症CAP,做痰的检查快速的肺炎链球菌、军团菌尿抗原的检测15min出结果快速、多重RT-
7、PCR检测MP、LP、CP、呼吸道病毒3-4小时出结果,同时检测11-15种致病原降钙素原、细胞因子等生物学MarkerFQ的使用降低CAP初始治疗失败率Thorax2004;59:960–965.无反应肺炎的原因:感染因素(~40%)耐药菌株肺链21金葡7绿脓2军团菌少见病原菌:TB4曲霉菌/真菌NocardiaPneumocistisArancibiaetal.AJRCCM2000,El-SolhAetal.AJRCCM2002Rosónetal.ArchInterMed2004,Menéndez,Torres.Thorax200
8、4比较莫西沙星,AMC+大环在住院CAP10个国家,65个中心,随机、开放、对照2002.AAC,46:1746-1754退热快,住院时间缩短1天2002.AAC,46:1746-1754肺炎链球菌cipScipRα-溶