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《Health and welfare, 2010-2011 South Africa Survey》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、HealthandWelfare527HEALTHANDWELFARELeratoMoloi●SouthAfrica’sinfantmortalityratedecreasedby26%from46in1994to34in2010.●Underfivemortalitydecreasedby19%from62in1994to50in2010.●BetweenJanuary2008andMarch2011,therewere38949in-patientdeathsofinfantsundertheageofoneyear.●Inthesameperiod,therewere42835in-
2、patientdeathsofunderfiveyearolds.●Severemalnutritionamongunderfivesdecreasedby70%fromnearly90000in2001tojustover25000in2008.●In2008theleadingcauseofdeathamongcolouredpeopleandAfricanswastuberculosis(TB),amongIndiansitwasdiabetesmellitus,whileamongwhitesitwasischaemicheartdisease.●In2009theTBincide
3、ncerateinSouthAfricawas931per100000people.ThiswasthesecondhighestTBincidencerateamongsouthernAfricancountries.Swazilandhadthehighestrate,at1257per100000people.TBiscloselylinkedtoHIV/AIDSandbothSwazilandandSouthAfricahavehighHIV/AIDSprevalencerates.Angolahadthelowestrateinsub-SaharanAfrica,at298per
4、100000.TheUnitedStateshadthelowestrateintheworld,at4per100000.●AlthoughSouthAfricamadeuponly0.7%oftheworld’spopulationin2010,itaccountedfor16.8%oftheworld’sHIV/AIDScases.●Asat1stJuly2011,some11%ofSouthAfrica’spopulationwaslivingwithHIV/AIDS.●OfthepopulationinfectedwithHIV/AIDSin2011,some89%wereadu
5、ltsaged20to64andover50%werechild-bearingwomenaged15to49.●ThehighestproportionofpeoplelivingwithHIV/AIDSwasinKwazulu-Natal,at15%.●TheestimatedadultHIV-prevalenceratein2010washighestamongAfricansat13%,followedbycolouredpeopleat3%,Indiansat2.6%,andwhitesat1%.●DuringaSouthAfricanNationalAIDSCouncil(SA
6、NAC)meetinginAugust2011,thedeputypresident,MrKgalemaMotlanthe,announcedthatallpeoplewhoareinfectedwithHIVandhaveaCD4countof350andlowerwillbeeligibleforantiretroviraltreatment(ARVtreatment).ThisisafurtheramendmenttotheSouthAfricanantiretroviralguidelines.In2010thecriteriawereamendedtoallowonlyHIV-i
7、nfectedpregnantwomenandHIV-infectedinfantswithaCD4countof350andlesstoreceiveARVtreatment.EveryoneelsehadtowaitfortheirCD4counttodropto200.●DrMotsoaledistronglycriticisedprivatehospitalsandhealthcareprofessionalsf
